The theory of this paper deals with certain aspects of the formal properties of atomic and molecular highly excited nonstationary states and the problem of calculating their wave functions, energies, and widths. The conceptual framework is a decay theory based on the consistent definition and calculation of the t = 0 localized state, |Ψ. Given this framework, the following topics are treated: (a) The variational calculation of Ψ0 and E0 using a previously published theory that generalized the projection operator approach to many‐electron systems. (b) The exact definition of the resonance energy. (c) The possibility of bound states in the continuum. (d) The relation of Ψ0 to the resonance (Gamow) function Ψ and of the Hamiltonian to the rotated Hamiltonian H(θ) based on the notion of perturbation of boundary conditions in the asymptotic region. (e) The variational calculation of real and complex energies employing matrix elements of H and H2 with square‐integrable and resonance functions. (f) The mathematical structure of the time evolution of |Ψ0〉 and the possibility of observing nonexponential decays in certain autoionizing states that are very close to the ionization threshold. (g) A many‐body theory of atomic and molecular resonances that employs the coordinate rotation method.

Macrophages are essential for protection against influenza A virus infection, but are also implicated in the morbidity and mortality associated with severe influenza disease, particularly during infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. While influenza virus infection of macrophages was once thought to be abortive, it is now clear that certain virus strains can replicate productively in macrophages. This may have important consequences for the antiviral functions of macrophages, the course of disease and the outcome of infection for the host. In this article, we review findings related to influenza virus replication in macrophages and the impact of productive replication on macrophage antiviral functions. A clear understanding of the interactions between influenza viruses and macrophages may lead to new antiviral therapies to relieve the burden of severe disease associated with influenza viruses.

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o levels are so nearly degenerate that it was necessary to introduce a semiempirical correction to produce the proper level ordering. Landé g values are calculated for all levels, and a more efficient way of adding magnetic Breit effects to the energy matrix is given.