Emerging green technologies for vehicle propulsion systems

Abstract

Breno Nunes 2 Geciane Porto 3 IntroductionThe climate change caused by greenhouse gases emissions in the atmosphere has been widely discussed for years. The transport area is one of the largest contributors for this scenario accounting for 23% of total CO2 emissions. This is because 95% of the energy used in transport comes from fossil fuels (Sims et al., 2014). Globally, transport is likely to continue being a big source of pollution, particularly urban air pollution. While the mobility by car is forecast to only grow 32% by 2050 in OECD countries; it will raise by a staggering 185% in non-OECD countries (ITF, 2017). If initiatives are not taken to find and use alternative and non-polluting energy sources at a reasonable cost, this demand may further jeopardize the planet's environmental conditions (IPCC, 2014a, Creutzig et al., 2015. Numerous treaties have already been proposed at global level to establish policies that foster clean technology initiatives and mitigate environmental impacts. Paris Agreement is the most recent one (UNFCCC, 2015). New legislation is coming in place to ban the sales of new petrol and diesel vehicles in countries like Denmark, Germany, France, and United Kingdom by 2040. Burch and Gilchrist (2018) also point out the list of actions from dozens of other countries to phase-out the production of combustion vehicles as well as the incentive to adopt EVs (electric vehicles). Despite the rapid evolution in the development of EVs, technological learning for the transition to a low carbon transport system still has challenges that depend on innovations in energy storage technologies such as batteries as well as at infrastructural and policy level, i.e. better plan for electric grid infrastructure (Kittner et al., 2020).Clean energy generation through renewable sources, among them solar, wind, water or biomass is also a key step to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen has been pointed out as an alternative (Johnston et al. 2005) however its commercial application (e.g. full cells) are still growing slowly. In particular, solar and wind power have been subject of increasing

Environmental innovation and R&D collaborations: Firm decisions in the innovation efficiency context

“…More specifically, R&D collaboration does not affect the probability of a firm's decision to eco-innovate nor the correlation coefficient of the unobserved heterogeneity of the two equations is significant (see the lower part of Table 3). This result is in line with recent evidence documenting that organisations tend to be conservative in collaborating with external partners to protect their technologies and avoid imitation (de Paulo et al, 2020).…”

Technological capabilities development model in Chinese energy service companies

“…China's rapid growth in developing green technologies is evident in several energy-related fields (De Paulo et al, 2020). This study contributes to how ESCOs in China are strategizing the development of their technological capabilities.…”

Evolution of scientific knowledge on the internet of things and smart homes

“…Subsequently, Verspagen (2007) proposed an evolution of the methodology by adopting the SPLC algorithm (Search path link count) in the analysis of patent networks and citations to identify better paths and point out the main routes for a technology. The confirmation about the accuracy of this method can be confirmed in publications on technological routes using ARS and SPLC in different knowledge domains (De Paulo & Porto, 2018;De Paulo et al, 2020;Picanço-Castro et al, 2020;Basso et al 2021).…”

“…The so-called emerging knowledge is represented by the most recent articles and portray theoretical or practical aspects about the main theme analyzed. Similar to the analysis of emerging and promising technologies through patents (Pereira et al, 2018a;De Paulo et al, 2020), the articles found herein at the top of the route refer to what is newest and most relevant on the subject of IoT and Smart Homes: new for being a more recent publication than the other articles of the route; and relevant for being a constituent part of a trajectory that interconnects the most referenced knowledge chain on IoT and Smart Homes. The intermediate level of knowledge, on its turn, represents scientific contributions that mediate basic research on the theme with more recent ones.…”