Emerging fungal infections in immunocompromised patients

Low, Chian-Yong; Rotstein, Coleman

doi:10.3410/m3-14

Cited by 241 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…24 When challenged with unopsonized or opsonized live C. glabrata, we found that Dectin-1-deficientneutrophils showed attenuated killing ability accompanied with a defect in ROS production, compared with wild-type neutrophils (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Dectin-1 Is Required For Myeloid Cells Recognizing C Glabratamentioning

confidence: 89%

Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemicCandida glabratainfection

et al. 2017

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Candida glabrata is the second most common pathogen of severe candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts, following C. albicans. Although C. glabrata and C. albicans belong to the same genus, they are phylogenetically distinct. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), acting as patternrecognition receptors (PRRs), play critical roles in host defense against C. albicans infections. However, our understanding of the specific roles of CLRs in host defense against C. glabrata is limited. Here, we explored the potential roles of the C-type lectins Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 in host defense against C. glabrata. We found that both Dectin-1-deficient mice (Dectin-1 ¡/¡ ) and Dectin-2-deficient mice (Dectin-2 ¡/¡ ) are more susceptible to C. glabrata infection. Dectin-1confers host higher sensitivity for sensing C. glabrata infections, while the effect of Dectin-2 in the host defense against C. glabrata is infection dose dependent. Dectin-1 is required for host myeloid cells recognition, killing of C. glabrata, and development of subsequent Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Significantly impaired inflammatory responses such as inflammatory cells recruitment and cytokines release that were induced by C. glabrata were manifested in Dectin-1-deficient mice. Together, our study demonstrates that Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemic Candida glabrata infections, indicating a previous unknown control mechanism for this particular type of infection in host. Our study, therefore, provides new insights into the host defense against C. glabrata.

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Section: Dectin-1 Is Required For Myeloid Cells Recognizing C Glabratamentioning

confidence: 89%

Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemicCandida glabratainfection

et al. 2017

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“…Despite of the wide range of available antifungal medicines, nosocomial fungal infections remain a major concern [1][2][3]. Recent studies detail that invasive candidiasis is the leading cause of mycosis-associated mortality worldwide [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida parapsilosis Secreted Lipase as an Important Virulence Factor

Tóth

Vágvölgyi

et al. 2017

CPPS

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Abstract:The prevalence of Candida parapsilosis, an opportunistic human pathogenic fungal species, is increasing at an alarming rate in the hospital environment. Patients at risk for C. parapsilosis infection include those with immunosuppression, such as individuals with cancer, AIDS, and low birth weight premature neonates as well as patients that had undergone abdominal surgery. Neonatal candidiasis caused by C. parapsilosis has been widely reported across the globe. Various reports have shown that, compared to other Candida species, certain C. parapsilosis clinical isolates were less susceptible to antifungals such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and caspofungin. In addition, some studies have even reported multi-echinocandin or multi-azole resistant strains of C. parapsilosis. C. parapsilosis has several virulence factors that contribute to its capacity for host invasion and among these factors extracellular lipases have a major role in pathogenesis. In this review we have collected all the recent relevant studies that confirm the involvement of secreted lipases in C. parapsilosis pathogenesis, using both in vitro and in vivo models of infection. Of particular note, an available lipase deficient C. parapsilosis strain has been utilized to demonstrate that the lack of secreted lipases decreased virulence, reduced tissue damage, and was less able to survive within phagocytes or mice compared to the wild type. Since fungal secreted lipases have different characteristics than lipolytic enzymes present in humans, C. parapsilosis extracellular lipases may be potential targets for the development of novel antifungal drugs.

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“…1 The annual number of deaths in which an IFI was written on the death certificate increased from 1,557 to 6,534-a 320% increase from 1980 through 1997 in the United States. 2 Along with the increase in the number of IFIs, there is an alteration in the type of fungal infections. In a retrospective review of autopsy cases in Toho University, Japan, a total of 411 cases of IFIs were detected among 10,297 autopsies.…”

Section: Epidemiological Facts In Invasive Fungal Infections -What Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In a case-control study involving 14 leukemic and 13 HSCT patients, voriconazole prophylaxis was identified as an independent risk factor, increasing the risk for invasive mucormycosis by more than 10-fold. 2 Singh et al 5 performed a prospective, matched case-control study of 50 solid-organ transplant recipients and found that voriconazole and/or caspofungin use increased the risk of mucormycosis by 4.4 times.…”

Section: Epidemiological Facts In Invasive Fungal Infections -What Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Management of Invasive Fungal Infections: What to Consider in Empirical Treatment?

Demırkan¹,

Saydam²,

Arda³

et al. 2013

UHOD

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Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Candida and Aspergillus are the most common fungi that lead to IFI. While invasive Candida infections are most commonly seen in patients in intensive care units (ICUs) and very low birth weight infants, aspergillosis is most frequent in immunocompromised patients, especially in patients with hematological malignancies and in those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Empirical treatment should be considered in all high-risk patients with hematological malignancies suspected of having IFIs. Keywords: Invasive fungal infection, Empirical antifungal therapy ÖZET Invaziv Fungal Enfeksiyonlar›n Yönetimi: Ampirik Tedavide Dikkate Al›nmas› Gerekenler‹nvaziv fungal infeksiyonlar (‹F‹) immünkompromize hastalarda morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli bir nedenidir. Candida ve Aspergillus, ‹F‹'ye en s›k yol açan mantarlard›r. Invaziv Kandida enfeksiyonlar› en s›k yo¤un bak›m ünitesi (YBÜ) hastalar›nda ve çok düflük do¤um a¤›rl›kl› bebeklerde görülmekte iken, aspergilloz özellikle hematolojik malignansili hastalarda ve hematopoietik kök hücre nakli (HKHN) yap›lanlarda olmak üzere en s›k immünkompromize hastalarda görülmektedir. Ampirik tedavi IF‹ oldu¤u flüphelenilen hematolojik malignansili tüm yüksek riskli hastalarda düflünülmelidir.

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Emerging fungal infections in immunocompromised patients

Cited by 241 publications

References 33 publications

Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemicCandida glabratainfection

Dectin-1 plays an important role in host defense against systemicCandida glabratainfection

Candida parapsilosis Secreted Lipase as an Important Virulence Factor

The Management of Invasive Fungal Infections: What to Consider in Empirical Treatment?

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