Emerging Evidence on Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities

Salcher‐Konrad, Maximilian; Smith, Sian K; Comas-Herrera, Adelina

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.017

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our results align with other studies that showed the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectively reduces the incidence of SARS-Cov-2 infection and COVID-related deaths [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection 28 days after the first dose, approximately 7 days after the second vaccine dose, was 81.2%.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 92%

BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Comirnaty) Vaccine Effectiveness in Elderly Patients Who Live in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Nationwide Cohort

Goldin¹,

Adler²,

Azuri³

et al. 2022

Gerontology

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Introduction: In early 2020, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus began to spread around the world and claim victims. Initially, in the Western world, COVID-19-related mortality was due to illness in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). To manage the COVID-19 crisis in LTCFs in Israel, the Ministry of Health established a task force named “Senior Shield.” The task force executed a screening program of weekly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2 tests for LTCF residents and caregivers, and at a later stage, the task force led the Ministry of Health vaccination program at LTCFs. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Comirnaty) vaccine in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in LTCF residents. Methods: We designed a nationwide cohort study utilizing data from the Senior Shield task force. Residents had received the vaccines starting December 2020. The study follow-up period was 5 months (ending May 2021). We defined four outcomes: (a) documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined by a positive PCR test, (b) COVID-19 death, defined by a positive PCR test followed by death, (c) all-cause mortality, defined as death regardless of the result of a PCR test, and (d) a composite endpoint which included documented SARS-CoV-2 infection or death, the earliest of both. We used Kaplan-Meier curves with a log-rank comparison and Cox regression with a time-dependent covariate model to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for vaccine effectiveness (VE). The index date was the date of the first vaccine dose. In unvaccinated residents, the index date was the first date of vaccination in their LTCF. Results: A total of 43,596 residents with a mean age of 83 years living in 454 LTCFs were found eligible for this study. Ninety-one percent of the study population received the first vaccine dose (39,482) and 86% received the second vaccine dose (37,656). Estimated VE 28 days after the first vaccine dose (approximately 7 days after the second vaccine dose) was 81.2% for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 85.3% for COVID-related death, 63.7% for all-cause mortality, and 71.1% for the composite endpoint (SARS-CoV-2 infection or death). Conclusion: This study shows that the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectively prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-related death, and all-cause mortality in LTCF residents. Further research is warranted on the effect of the third vaccine (booster) in this population.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 92%

BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Comirnaty) Vaccine Effectiveness in Elderly Patients Who Live in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Nationwide Cohort

Goldin¹,

Adler²,

Azuri³

et al. 2022

Gerontology

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“…These data align with recent observations of decreased antibody production and/or neutralization after BNT162b2 vaccination in nursing home residents compared with healthy young individuals. 4 , 5 , 6 In addition, we found that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with mRNA-1273 elicited a stronger humoral response compared with BNT162b2, with greater circulating IgG and neutralization antibody titers ∼3 months after vaccination. The mRNA-1273 vaccine contains a higher dose of mRNA, which may imply that a higher dose is beneficial to generate protective immunity in nursing home residents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Antibody Responses 3-5 Months Post-Vaccination with mRNA-1273 or BNT163b2 in Nursing Home Residents

Breznik

Zhang

Huynh

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

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“…Vilches et al reported Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines reduce deaths by 31.5 and 31.9%, respectively, compared to no vaccination ( 25 ). The effect of mRNA vaccination in long-term care facility (LTCF) resident have observed and it is indicated that 70% vaccinatinated population resulted in reduced mortality and infection rate by about 75%, while the detectable transmission was reduced by 90% ( 26 ). It has been also reported that an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine significantly reduces disease progression to requirements of mechanical ventilation or even death ( 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination: a global perspective

Singh,

Anand,

Rana

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic disruptions worldwide. Vaccination has proven to be a crucial strategy in controlling the spread of the virus and mitigating its impact.ObjectiveThe study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing the incidence of positive cases, hospitalizations, and ICU admissions. The presented study is focused on the COVID-19 fully vaccinated population by considering the data from the first positive case reported until 20 September 2021.MethodsUsing data from multiple countries, time series analysis is deployed to investigate the variations in the COVID-19 positivity rates, hospitalization rates, and ICU requirements after successful vaccination campaigns at the country scale.ResultsAnalysis of the COVID-19 positivity rates revealed a substantial decline in countries with high pre-vaccination rates. Within 1–3 months of vaccination campaigns, these rates decreased by 20–44%. However, certain countries experienced an increase in positivity rates with the emergence of the new Delta variant, emphasizing the importance of ongoing monitoring and adaptable vaccination strategies. Similarly, the analysis of hospitalization rates demonstrated a steady decline as vaccination drive rates rose in various countries. Within 90 days of vaccination, several countries achieved hospitalization rates below 200 per million. However, a slight increase in hospitalizations was observed in some countries after 180 days of vaccination, underscoring the need for continued vigilance. Furthermore, the ICU patient rates decreased as vaccination rates increased across most countries. Within 120 days, several countries achieved an ICU patient rate of 20 per million, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination in preventing severe cases requiring intensive care.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination has proven to be very much effective in reducing the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and ICU admissions. However, ongoing surveillance, variant monitoring, and adaptive vaccination strategies are crucial for maximizing the benefits of vaccination and effectively controlling the spread of the virus.

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Emerging Evidence on Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Comirnaty) Vaccine Effectiveness in Elderly Patients Who Live in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Nationwide Cohort

BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Comirnaty) Vaccine Effectiveness in Elderly Patients Who Live in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Nationwide Cohort

Antibody Responses 3-5 Months Post-Vaccination with mRNA-1273 or BNT163b2 in Nursing Home Residents

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination: a global perspective

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