Emerging Designs of Electronic Devices in Biomedicine

Abstract

A long-standing goal of nanoelectronics is the development of integrated systems to be used in medicine as sensor, therapeutic, or theranostic devices. In this review, we examine the phenomena of transport and the interaction between electro-active charges and the material at the nanoscale. We then demonstrate how these mechanisms can be exploited to design and fabricate devices for applications in biomedicine and bioengineering. Specifically, we present and discuss electrochemical devices based on the interaction between ions and conductive polymers, such as organic electrochemical transistors (OFETs), electrolyte gated field-effect transistors (FETs), fin field-effect transistor (FinFETs), tunnelling field-effect transistors (TFETs), electrochemical lab-on-chips (LOCs). For these systems, we comment on their use in medicine.

Nanoparticles: A New Approach to Upgrade Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

“…The upgrade of actual technologies is expected to be applied in clinic quickly, which contributes to upgrading the diagnosis and treatment of tumors in consequence. For example, NPs can help to develop electrochemical devices based on the interaction between ions and conductive polymers, such as organic electrochemical transistors (OFETs), electrolyte gated field-effect transistors (FETs), fin field-effect transistor (FinFETs), tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), electrochemical lab-on-chips (LOCs) [ 133 ]. These electrochemical devices are widely used in various tumor testing and diagnostic equipment.…”

“…The use of NPs can help improve the accuracy of the equipment and reduce the detecting time. Many studies indicate that medical equipment using electronic components upgraded by NPs have been applied clinically [ 133 – 136 ].…”

Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on Poly(Azure A) Obtained from the Buffer Saturated with Chloroform

“…There is an urgent need in the development of simple and reliable analytical devices for the detection of antioxidants, drugs, biomarkers, and toxic species required in medical diagnostics and food safety assessment [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Although conventional instrumentation, e.g., high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, offer quite sensitive and selective analysis of most analytes mentioned, they are rather expensive, time- and labor-consuming, and cannot provide necessary information in point-of-care (POC) format [ 6 , 7 ]. Immunoassay techniques frequently used in hospitals have some limitations related to the insufficient stability of antibodies and enzymes used as labels in the ELISA protocols and to interfering matrix effects, especially in testing biological liquids [ 8 ].…”

Editorial for the Special Issue on 2D Nanomaterials Processing and Integration in Miniaturized Devices

“…Such a plethora of material/application combinations, in addition to the obvious technical requirements related to the synthesis of materials and the optimization of purity, composition, morphology and yield, also presents significant technological challenges for the corresponding processing, patterning and above all integration into systems and devices of higher dimensionality for the real exploitation of their unique properties. The present Special Issue is then focused on such last topics, collecting eight research papers and one review article dealing with MoS 2 [ 1 ], graphene [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] and other 2D nanomaterials integrated onto several kinds of materials and structures (nanogap [ 1 ], porous silicon [ 5 ], silicon carbide [ 6 ]) and for different applications (photoluminescence [ 1 ], ink-jet printing [ 7 ], optics and plasmonics [ 2 , 8 ], lubrication [ 3 ], innovative patterning [ 4 ], biomedicine [ 9 ]).…”

“…Finally, in their review article, Coluccio et al [ 9 ] revised and critically described nanoscale transport phenomena and biomedical applications of different emerging electrochemical devices whose working principle relies on the interaction between ions and conductive polymers.…”