Emerging Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Alternaria infectoria

Kieselova, Katarina; Gomes, Tiago Fernandes; Santiago, Felicidade; Henrique, Martinha

doi:10.20344/amp.13496

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The high prevalence is noteworthy in the examined berries of so-called 'melanized' fungi (species containing melanin, also called 'phaeoid' 'dematiaceous' or 'dark' fungi), mainly from the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium and Curvularia), which cause infections described as phaeohyphomycoses, aggravated by melanin, a known virulence factor [51,52,53].…”

Section: Levels Of Mycotoxins In Berry Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobiota of berry fruits – levels of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins, composition of fungi, and analysis of potential health risk for consumers

Kłapeć¹,

Wójcik-Fatla²,

Farian³

et al. 2022

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and Objective.The aim of the study was to determine the presence, concentration and generic composition of filamentous fungi. Selected mycotoxins were also determined: total aflatoxins and deoxynivalenol. Materials and method. In 2017-2018, 40 samples of strawberry fruits and 40 samples of red raspberry fruits were collected. In 2019-2020, 37 samples of fresh strawberry fruits and 41 samples of fresh red raspberry fruits were collected on conventional farms located in eastern Poland and were subjected to mycological examination. The concentration and species composition of filamentous fungi were determined by the method of plate dilutions on malt agar. The isolated strains were identified using macroscopic and microscopic methods. Samples were also analysed for the presence of aflatoxin B1, total aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol using ELISA tests. Results. The median concentrations of fungi were moderate or low: 3.079 and 3.491 log 10 CFU g -1 for strawberries and raspberries, respectively. Fungi of the genus Cladosporium prevailed in the mycobiota of berry fruits, accounting for 84.3% of total isolates in raspberries and 34.8% in strawberries. The occurrence of total aflatoxins was detected in the majority of tested samples (73.2% in raspberries and 70.3% in strawberries) but never exceeded the level of 4.0 µg kg -1 assumed as safe. Deoxynivalenol has been detected only in raspberries with the prevalence of 58.5%. Its median concentration was 242.0 µg kg -1 and in 7 out of 41 samples (17.0%) exceeded the level of 750.0 µg kg -1 , assumed as safe. Conclusions. Filamentous fungi and mycotoxins occurred in the examined berries at levels that mostly do not represent a health risk for immunocompetent people, but might pose such risk for immuno-compromised and/or atopic consumers.

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Section: Levels Of Mycotoxins In Berry Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobiota of berry fruits – levels of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins, composition of fungi, and analysis of potential health risk for consumers

Kłapeć¹,

Wójcik-Fatla²,

Farian³

et al. 2022

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…The published literature details several opportunistic human infections that are caused by the Alternaria sp. The most common clinical manifestations are skin and subcutaneous infections (74.3%), and these are followed by oculomycosis (9.5%), invasive and non‐invasive rhinosinusitis (8.1%), and onychomycosis (8.1%) (Kieselová et al, 2020; Pastor & Guarro, 2008). The authors report that immunosuppression is frequently associated with cutaneous and subcutaneous infections and rhinosinusitis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodeterioration of carbographic ribbon: Isolation, identification of causal agents and forensic implications

Ranalli

Andreotti

Colombini

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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This study is part of a comprehensive investigation that was performed in regard to a case of alterations on a carbographic ribbon used in a typewriter that was found and seized by inner security operations of the Arma dei Carabinieri, Italy. Thirty-six coded scripts possessing potentially and criminally liable content were present on the tape; however, only the 6th and 7th scripts exhibited alterations of an uncertain nature. The study included sampling that was performed under sterile conditions of a large surface area of carbographic ribbons. A protocol based on physico-chemical, microbiological, and biomolecular tools was established. Preliminary results revealed the presence of fungal contamination that was primarily located on the inner surface of the 6th and 7th scripts on the black carbographic ribbon. One fungal strain was isolated and identified by universal ITS-PCR primer and rDNA sequencing as Alternaria infectoria strain NIS4. Fungal growth was monitored for 3 weeks in the laboratory under different environmental conditions (temperature, open-closed system, and substrate). The A. infectoria NIS4 strain exhibited the best growth at 28°C under a closed system with RH near saturation. We also noted that the fungal growth was abundant at 15°C. Moreover, this fungus (a potential human pathogen) possessed the ability to colonize the surface of the new carbographic ribbon even when using mineral medium; however, this only occurred in a closed system environment and not in open systems due to rapid desiccation. Under our experimental conditions, the A. infectoria NIS4 strain could degrade gelatin as an organic matter present in trace amounts that are often used as a binder in a carbographic ribbon emulsions. The results revealed that the isolated microorganism was the major biological candidate capable of altering the investigated carbographic ribbon; however, these alterations could only occur under favourable environmental conditions.Aims: Identify the cause of microbial alterations on a carbographic ribbon in a typewriter used in a hypogean Italian criminal house named "covo." Methods and Results:The isolation and identification of biodeteriogens (Alternaria infectoria NIS4) were performed using both culture-dependent and-independent methods, including ITS regions-primed PCR and rDNA techniques. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and optical observations were also performed. Growth tests and biodeterioration simulation tests on carbographic ribbons at the lab

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“…Sequencing of other loci such as glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), RNA polymerase's second largest subunit (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF‐1) could be done in the future to improve the resolution of species identification. Although we did not resolve the identity of this particular fungus to species, it is interesting to note that Alternaria species have been identified as cutaneous opportunistic pathogens of humans [20, 21] as well as a dominant genus in the biological soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau [22, 23], an area that includes Whitewater, Colorado.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of fungi found on desiccated human remains in an arid outdoor environment

Becktell

Tucker

Özsoy

et al. 2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Three fungi not previously reported on desiccated human remains were identified on cadavers at the Forensic Investigation Research Station (FIRS) in Whitewater, Colorado. The location of the FIRS provides the unique opportunity to observe the stages of decomposition in a high desert environment. The two cadavers used in the study were in the late stages of decomposition (PMI of approximately 1520 and 1820 days) to the point of desiccation and had developed an extensive black crust on How to cite this article: Becktell MC, Tucker S, Ozsoy AZ, Connor M. Identification of fungi found on desiccated human remains in an arid outdoor environment.

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Emerging Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Alternaria infectoria

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Mycobiota of berry fruits – levels of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins, composition of fungi, and analysis of potential health risk for consumers

Mycobiota of berry fruits – levels of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins, composition of fungi, and analysis of potential health risk for consumers

Biodeterioration of carbographic ribbon: Isolation, identification of causal agents and forensic implications

Identification of fungi found on desiccated human remains in an arid outdoor environment

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