Emerging cases of mucormycosis under <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 pandemic in India: Misuse of antibiotics

Gupta, Gaurav; Roshan, S; Singh, Yogendra; Thangavelu, Lakshmi; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Dureja, Harish; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Dua, Kamal

doi:10.1002/ddr.21862

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The major route of infection spread is via inhalation, which then involves lungs and paranasal sinuses [7]. Treating COVID-19 patients with haphazard medication/self-medication of steroids, antibiotics and zinc may have promoted the dysbiosis of gut microbiota which resulted in inducing immunosuppression and rapid emergence to this mycotic disease [8,9]. In the present scenario, the highest risk to fungal mucoromycetes infection is in those patients diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 with broad-spectrum antibiotics, non-invasive ventilation and received corticosteroid therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Related Mucormycosis: Diagnoses, Management Strategies and Outcomes

Janjua

Shaikh

Fareed

et al. 2021

JoF

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It has been nearly two years since the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected the world. Several innovations and discoveries related to COVID-19 are surfacing every day and new problems associated with the COVID-19 virus are also coming to light. A similar situation is with the emergence of deep invasive fungal infections associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent literature reported the cases of pulmonary and rhino-cerebral fungal infections appearing in patients previously infected by COVID-19. Histopathological analysis of these cases has shown that most of such infections are diagnosed as mucormycosis or aspergillosis. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis usually affects the maxillary sinus with involvement of maxillary teeth, orbits, and ethmoidal sinuses. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for both COVID-19 as well as mucormycosis. At this point, there is scanty data on the subject and most of the published literature comprises of either case reports or case series with no long-term data available. The aim of this review paper is to present the characteristics of COVID-19 related mucormycosis and associated clinical features, outcome, diagnostic and management strategies. A prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment planning can surely benefit these patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Related Mucormycosis: Diagnoses, Management Strategies and Outcomes

Janjua

Shaikh

Fareed

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Several incidences of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients have recently been documented globally. Most cases so far have been reported in India 38, 39 . The environment includes an insufficient amount of oxygen (hypoxia), an increase in glucose (diabetes, new-onset hyperglycemia, and steroid-induced hyperglycemia), an acidic medium (metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)), and an increased level of iron (high ferritins).…”

Section: Covid-19 and Black Fungusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between black fungus and Covid-19 disease in diabetes mellitus patients

et al. 2021

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Introduction:The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has conditioned the whole world to search for an ultimate cure for the infection. Therefore, all countries with no exception have embraced vaccines in addition to other pharmacological drugs. The consequences of the pandemic include material and human losses in all countries. Another emerging disease is a black fungus. The black fungus is a pathological phenomenon that arises as a result of exposure to mucormycosis. It is observed concurrently with recovery from the virus. The infection has symptoms and risks that do not reduce the risk of infection by COVID-19. Methods: Information was gathered from the review of the relevant literature obtained from various databases, such as Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Results: The relationship between diabetes, COVID-19, and mucous fungus is such that diabetes weakens the immune system which helps the COVID-19 virus. Conclusion: The decline of the immune system facilitates secondary infections such as the mucous fungus, especially in the recovery phase from the virus. Therefore, in this review, information about the new pandemic and its risks have been summarized.

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“…In India alone, about 14,872 cases of mucormycosis were reported as of May 28, 2021. Gujarat recorded the maximum number of cases, with 3,726 infections in active and recovered COVID-19 patients, followed by Maharashtra [2]. Other states like Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, and Delhi also showed a gradual increase in the number.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Study of Profile of Mucormycosis During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Kamath¹,

Kumar²,

Sarkar³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Introduction and aimMucormycosis is a lethal opportunistic infection caused by filamentous fungi of the family Mucoraceae (black fungus). There has been a sudden increase in the incidence of these cases during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the immunocompromised state caused by the disease and its treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical management are essential to reduce disease morbidity and mortality. Through this study, we aim to study the clinical features, risk factors, laboratory investigations, and radiological findings of patients with mucormycosis as well as evaluate the clinical outcomes in each case. Methods and materialsThis was a prospective study that included only confirmed mucormycosis cases admitted in Tata Main Hospital (TMH) from April 2021 to July 2021. A case of mucormycosis was defined as the one in which clinical and radiological features were consistent with mucormycosis and fungus was demonstrated in the tissue by potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount/culture/histopathological examination (HPE). Data relating to epidemiology, risk factors, clinico-radiological features, and outcomes were analyzed and expressed as a percentage of total cases. ResultsOf the total 15 cases, three patients (33.3%) had active COVID-19 infection, eight (53.3%) were in the post-COVID-19 state, two (13.4%) had COVID-19 like illness and two (13.4%) patients did not have COVID-19 in the recent past. There was male predominance with the male to female ratio being 2.75:1. The commonest associated co-morbid condition was diabetes mellitus (13 patients, 86.7%). Amongst the myriad manifestations, periorbital swelling was the commonest symptom (11 patients, 73.3%). Among neurological manifestations, involvement of cranial nerves was found in nine (60%) patients with the third cranial nerve being the most commonly affected nerve (eight patients, 53.3%). Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was found in one (6.7%) patient. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) revealed eschar at various sites in 13 patients (86.7%). Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) was found bilaterally in one patient (6.7%) while two patients (13.3%) had CRAO on the left. Radiologically, the most commonly involved sinuses were maxillary and ethmoidal (eight patients, 53.3%). Bilateral sinus involvement was more common (46.7%) than unilateral sinus involvement. The average length of stay (LOS) was 17.5±7.8 days. The overall mortality was 40%. Five (33.3%) patients developed secondary bacterial infections. All patients received medical therapy with intravenous amphotericin B. In addition, seven (46.7%) patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with debridement of which, five (71.4%) patients survived and made a good recovery. One patient (6.7%) with pulmonary mucormycosis underwent lobectomy. ConclusionNew-onset headache, black nasal discharge, periorbital swelling, retro-orbital pain, visual diminution, restriction of eye movements should prompt an immediate search for mucormycosis especially in the background of his...

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Emerging cases of mucormycosis under COVID‐19 pandemic in India: Misuse of antibiotics

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Dental and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Related Mucormycosis: Diagnoses, Management Strategies and Outcomes

Dental and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Related Mucormycosis: Diagnoses, Management Strategies and Outcomes

The link between black fungus and Covid-19 disease in diabetes mellitus patients

Study of Profile of Mucormycosis During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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