Emerging Campylobacter spp.: The tip of the iceberg

Lastovica, Albert J.

doi:10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2006.03.004

Cited by 125 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…Recently, Campylobacter species other than Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli have been suggested to play a role in human disease. However, these species are relatively fastidious and require an H 2 -enriched environment to grow (Lastovica, 2006;Kaakoush & Mitchell, 2012;Nielsen et al, 2013a). Such conditions are generally not employed by most clinical laboratories and it is therefore believed that the clinical relevance of these emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus, is highly under-reported (Lastovica, 2006;Kaakoush et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter concisus pathotypes are present at significant levels in patients with gastroenteritis

Underwood

Kaakoush

Sodhi

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Given that Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, recent findings showing comparable levels of Campylobacter concisus in patients with gastroenteritis would suggest that this bacterium is clinically important. The prevalence and abundance of Campylobacter concisus in stool samples collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The associated virulence determinants exotoxin 9 and zonula occludens toxin DNA were detected for Campylobacter concisus-infected samples using real-time PCR. Campylobacter concisus was detected at high prevalence in patients with gastroenteritis (49.7 %), higher than that observed for Campylobacter jejuni (,5 %). The levels of Campylobacter concisus were putatively classified into clinically relevant and potentially transient subgroups based on a threshold developed using Campylobacter jejuni levels, as the highly sensitive real-time PCR probably detected transient passage of the bacterium from the oral cavity. A total of 18 % of patients were found to have clinically relevant levels of Campylobacter concisus, a significant number of which also had high levels of one of the virulence determinants. Of these patients, 78 % were found to have no other gastrointestinal pathogen identified in the stool, which strongly suggests a role for Campylobacter concisus in the aetiology of gastroenteritis in these patients. These results emphasize the need for diagnostic laboratories to employ identification protocols for emerging Campylobacter species. Clinical follow-up in patients presenting with high levels of Campylobacter concisus in the intestinal tract is needed, given that it has been associated with more chronic sequelae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter concisus pathotypes are present at significant levels in patients with gastroenteritis

Underwood

Kaakoush

Sodhi

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…6,8 In vitro studies have demonstrated that C. concisus may cause damage to the epithelial cells and reduce the tightness of adhesion of cells to each other, which corresponds to the mechanism of the development of diarrhea. 7,9,18 The impact of C. concisus on intestinal epithelial cells has not been definitively clarified. 13 There are at least several different genotypes of C. concisus with different abilities to induce damage to the intestinal epithelial cells, and with various virulence and clinical pictures of the infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5,10 Moreover no non-human host for this microorganism has been discovered. 5,9 No animals that could be a carrier for C. concisus have been discovered, although the bacterium has been isolated from pet dogs with diarrhea. 18 However, the presence of the bacteria has been found in poultry meat and ground beef, which could suggest that C. concisus infection may be a zoonosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Campylobacter concisus as the etiologic agent of gastrointestinal diseases

Akutko¹,

Matusiewicz²

2017

Adv Clin Exp Med

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A number of reports on the pathogenic influence of Campylobacter concisus on the human body and its role in many diseases of the gastrointestinal system, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus and inflammatory bowel disease, have appeared lately. Campylobacter concisus is a Gram negative bacteria which requires an anaerobic environment or microaerophilic environment with hydrogen for growth and is therefore difficult to culture. Due to this difficulty, the rate of infections in epidemiological data are underestimated. There are reports that C. concisus was the only pathogen isolated from the stool of patients with acute diarrhea, which could indicate that it is an etiologic factor of acute gastrointestinal infections in humans. Moreover, the results of some studies suggest that infection with C. concisus is a factor predisposing to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus, conditions which may be present before the development of cancer. There are also studies which indicate C. concisus infection as a trigger of inflammatory bowel disease, since it has been demonstrated that C. concisus is present more frequently in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease than in a control group.

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“…45 It has been shown that any prolongation of bacterial survival in macrophages increases the probability of their transmission within the host organism, and this has further implications in the pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis. 46,47 Thus these cells might represent a reservoir, whereby the Campylobacter spp can survive for some time after intravenous inoculation in an experimental animal, which might be why C. coli was still isolated from the selected organs at day 8 post-infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%