Emerging application of biochar as a renewable and superior filler in polymer composites

Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Tengku; Yee-Foong, Lawrence Ng; Lawal, A. A.; Farid, Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad; Yusuf, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd; Hassan, Mohd Ali; Ariffin, Hidayah

doi:10.1039/d2ra01897g

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Biochar has generally been exploited at the pre-industrial scale as soil amendment [ 8 ], though it has found many other applications ranging from environmental remediation [ 9 ], energy storage [ 10 ] and catalyst support [ 11 ]. Many research studies have highlighted that the addition of biochar particles results in polymer composites with improved flexural and tensile properties, enhanced impact strength and higher heat deflection temperature [ 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Additionally, it was demonstrated that biochar can bestow electrical conductivity, flame retardance and wear resistance both to thermoset and thermoplastic-based systems [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], demonstrating its potential to replace conventional and expensive carbonaceous fillers derived from fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Containing Waste Hemp-Derived Biochar Fibers: Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal and Tribological Behavior

Faga¹,

Duraccio²,

Maro

et al. 2022

Polymers

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To reduce the use of carbon components sourced from fossil fuels, hemp fibers were pyrolyzed and utilized as filler to prepare EVA-based composites for automotive applications. The mechanical, tribological, electrical (DC and AC) and thermal properties of EVA/fiber biochar (HFB) composites containing different amounts of fibers (ranging from 5 to 40 wt.%) have been thoroughly studied. The morphological analysis highlighted an uneven dispersion of the filler within the polymer matrix, with poor interfacial adhesion. The presence of biochar fibers did not affect the thermal behavior of EVA (no significant changes of Tm, Tc and Tg were observed), notwithstanding a slight increase in the crystallinity degree, especially for EVA/HFB 90/10 and 80/20. Conversely, biochar fibers enhanced the thermo-oxidative stability of the composites, which increased with increasing the biochar content. EVA/HFB composites showed higher stiffness and lower ductility than neat EVA. In addition, high concentrations of fiber biochar allowed achieving higher thermal conductivity and microwave electrical conductivity. In particular, EVA/HFB 60/40 showed a thermal conductivity higher than that of neat EVA (respectively, 0.40 vs. 0.33 W·m−1 ·K−1); the same composite exhibited an up to twenty-fold increased microwave conductivity. Finally, the combination of stiffness, enhanced thermal conductivity and intrinsic lubricating features of the filler resulted in excellent wear resistance and friction reduction in comparison with unfilled EVA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Containing Waste Hemp-Derived Biochar Fibers: Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal and Tribological Behavior

Faga¹,

Duraccio²,

Maro

et al. 2022

Polymers

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show abstract

“…As a result, the higher the filler concentration, the lower the measured complex viscosity. This behaviour can be attributed to the poor chemical interaction at the polymer-filler interface and the lubricant effect offered by the partial degradation of the biochar lignocellulose material to low molecular weight fractions [ 26 ]. As the biochar concentration increases, η* decreases more gradually till approaching a quasi-Newtonian η* plateau within the low–mid frequency range for both PBSA15 and PBSA20 composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors demonstrated the enhanced mechanical properties of wood-polypropylene matrices by the addition of 24 wt.% BC filler [ 23 ]. Since then, BC fillers have been widely studied in different thermoplastic formulations, such as polyolefins, ultra-high-density polyethene, polyamide, polyesters (PLA, PBT, PTT, and PET), and polycarbonates [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Due to their numerous applications, BC-epoxy resins are one of the most researched thermosetting matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Residue-Derived Biochar as a Low-Cost, Lubricating Filler in Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) Biocomposites

et al. 2023

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This study focused on the development of a novel biocomposite material formed by a thermoplastic biodegradable polyester, poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), and a carbonaceous filler as biochar (BC) derived by the pyrolysis of woody biomass waste. Composites with various BC contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) were obtained by melt extrusion and investigated in terms of their processability, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties. In all the composites, BC lowered melt viscosity, behaving as a lubricant, and enhancing composite extrudability and injection moulding at high temperatures up to 20 wt.% of biochar. While the use of biochar did not significantly change composite thermal stability, it increased its stiffness (Young modulus). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) revealed the presence of a second crystal phase induced by the filler addition. Furthermore, results suggest that biochar may form a particle network that hinders polymer chain disentanglement, reducing polymer flexibility. A biochar content of 10 wt.% was selected as the best trade-off concentration to improve the composite processability and cost competitiveness without compromising excessively the tensile properties. The findings support the use of biochar as a sustainable renewable filler and pigment for PBSA. Biochar is a suitable candidate to replace more traditional carbon black pigments for the production of biodegradable and inexpensive innovative PBSA composites with potential fertilizing properties to be used in agricultural applications.

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“…42,43 Bioderived carbon nanomaterials sculptured via pyrolysis have a high specific surface area (SSA), are thermally stable, and are porous in nature. 44–46 Biomass-derived carbon as a replacement for chemically synthesized carbon materials will not only contribute towards waste management but also provides the potential for large-scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous carbon encapsulated zinc oxide nanorods derived from plant species ‘Argyreia sharadchandrajii’ for live cell imaging of drug delivery and multimodal bioactivities

et al. 2023

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Emerging application of biochar as a renewable and superior filler in polymer composites

Abstract: Biochar is a low-cost carbon material with excellent thermal characteristics. Despite having remarkably similar properties to graphene and carbon nanotubes, it is rarely used as a polymer filler.

Cited by 28 publications

References 97 publications

Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Containing Waste Hemp-Derived Biochar Fibers: Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal and Tribological Behavior

Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Containing Waste Hemp-Derived Biochar Fibers: Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal and Tribological Behavior

Wood Residue-Derived Biochar as a Low-Cost, Lubricating Filler in Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) Biocomposites

Mesoporous carbon encapsulated zinc oxide nanorods derived from plant species ‘Argyreia sharadchandrajii’ for live cell imaging of drug delivery and multimodal bioactivities

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