Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications: Turbines, Bearings, Sealing, Dams and Waterways, and Ocean Power

Quaranta, Emanuele; Davies, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.025

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The cost of Turgo turbines may reduce in the near future due to the development of novel manufacturing processes and innovative and lighter materials, e.g. composite (Quaranta and Davies, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The repowering of vertical axis water mills preserving their cultural heritage: techno-economic analysis with water wheels and Turgo turbines

Quaranta

Pujol

Grano

2021

JCHMSD

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PurposeThe paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the electromechanical equipment of traditional vertical axis water mills (VAWMs) to help investors, mill owners and engineers to preliminary estimate related benefits and costs of a VAWM repowering.Design/methodology/approachTwo sustainable repowering solutions were examined with the additional aim to preserve the original status and aesthetics of a VAWM: the use of a vertical axis water wheel (VAWW) and a vertical axis impulse turbine. The analysis was applied to a database of 714 VAWMs in Basilicata (Italy), with known head and flow.FindingsExpeditious equations were proposed for both solutions to determine: (1) a suitable diameter as a function of the flow rate; (2) the costs of the electromechanical equipment; (3) achievable power. The common operating hydraulic range of a VAWM (head and flow) was also identified. Reality checks on the obtained results are shown, in particular by examining two Spanish case studies and the available literature. The power generated by the impulse turbine (Turgo type) is twice that of a VAWW, but it is one order of magnitude more expensive. Therefore, the impulse turbine should be used for higher power requirements (>3 kW), or when the electricity is delivered to the grid, maximizing the long-term profit.Originality/valueSince there is not enough evidence about the achievable performance and cost of a VAWM repowering, this work provides expeditious tools for their evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The repowering of vertical axis water mills preserving their cultural heritage: techno-economic analysis with water wheels and Turgo turbines

Quaranta

Pujol

Grano

2021

JCHMSD

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“…In order to absorb surplus energy during erodent impacts, there have also been efforts to fabricate laminated composites modified with both multidirectional carbon fibers and glass fibers, but the enhancements in wear performance were observed to be insufficient [56,57]. For the manufacture of wind turbine blades, pipings, and automobile frames, the use of characteristic anti-erosion polymerbased composites has been reported [20,58]. The utilization of polymer-based materials is growing to include aerospace applications, windmill blades, and automobiles.…”

Section: Research On Erosion Resistance Using Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Wear and Anti-Erosive Properties of Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites: A Critical Review of Findings and Needs

et al. 2022

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Erosion caused by the repeated impact of particles on the surface of a substance is a common wear method resulting in the gradual and continual loss of affected objects. It is a crucial problem in several modern industries because the surfaces of various products and materials are frequently subjected to destructively erosive situations. Polymers and their hybrid materials are suitable, in powdered form, for use as coatings in several different applications. This review paper aims to provide extensive information on the erosion behaviors of thermoset and thermoplastic neat resin and their hybrid material composites. Specific attention is paid to the influence of the properties of selected materials and to impingement parameters such as the incident angle of the erodent, the impact velocity of the erodent, the nature of the erodent, and the erosion mechanism. The review further extends the information available about the erosion techniques and numerical simulation methods used for wear studies of surfaces. An investigation was carried out to allow researchers to explore the available selection of materials and methods in terms of the conditions and parameters necessary to meet current and future needs and challenges, in technologically advanced industries, relating to the protection of surfaces. During the review, which was conducted on the findings in the literature of the past fifty years, it was noted that the thermoplastic nature of composites is a key component in determining their anti-wear properties; moreover, composites with lower glass transition, higher ductility, and greater crystallinity provide better protection against erosion in advanced surface applications.

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“…Thermosets are covalently cross-linked, three-dimensional polymer networks that irreversibly adopt a given shape upon curing. These materials make up ∼20% of manufactured polymers today, and they are often designed for high-temperature, chemically harsh, and/or mechanically extreme environments, e.g., in the aerospace industry, automotive design, renewable energy, and marine applications. − Thus, by their very nature, they are difficult to chemically deconstruct; most are mechanically downcycled, incinerated, or disposed of in landfills, where they persist for decades/centuries. The strategic introduction of cleavable bonds at the time of manufacturing could enable the production of deconstructable thermosets with properties on par with existing materials yet new end-of-life options. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Ensemble Approach Enables Data-Driven Property Prediction for Chemically Deconstructable Thermosets in the Low-Data Regime

AlFaraj,

Mohapatra,

Shieh

et al. 2023

ACS Cent. Sci.

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Thermosets present sustainability challenges that could potentially be addressed through the design of deconstructable variants with tunable properties; however, the combinatorial space of possible thermoset molecular building blocks (e.g., monomers, cross-linkers, and additives) and manufacturing conditions is vast, and predictive knowledge for how combinations of these molecular components translate to bulk thermoset properties is lacking. Data science could overcome these problems, but computational methods are difficult to apply to multicomponent, amorphous, statistical copolymer materials for which little data exist. Here, leveraging a data set with 101 examples, we introduce a closed-loop experimental, machine learning (ML), and virtual screening strategy to enable predictions of the glass transition temperature (T g ) of polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) thermosets containing cleavable bifunctional silyl ether (BSE) comonomers and/or cross-linkers with varied compositions and loadings. Molecular features and formulation variables are used as model inputs, and uncertainty is quantified through model ensembling, which together with heavy regularization helps to avoid overfitting and ultimately achieves predictions within <15 °C for thermosets with compositionally diverse BSEs. This work offers a path to predicting the properties of thermosets based on their molecular building blocks, which may accelerate the discovery of promising plastics, rubbers, and composites with improved functionality and controlled deconstructability.

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Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications: Turbines, Bearings, Sealing, Dams and Waterways, and Ocean Power

Cited by 55 publications

References 62 publications

The repowering of vertical axis water mills preserving their cultural heritage: techno-economic analysis with water wheels and Turgo turbines

The repowering of vertical axis water mills preserving their cultural heritage: techno-economic analysis with water wheels and Turgo turbines

Anti-Wear and Anti-Erosive Properties of Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites: A Critical Review of Findings and Needs

A Model Ensemble Approach Enables Data-Driven Property Prediction for Chemically Deconstructable Thermosets in the Low-Data Regime

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