Emergent elemental two-dimensional materials beyond graphene

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials may offer the ultimate scaling beyond the 5 nm gate length.The difficulty of reliably opening a band gap in graphene has led to the search for alternative, semiconducting 2D materials. Emerging classes of elemental 2D materials stand out for their compatibility with existing technologies and/or for their diverse, tunable electronic structures.Among this group, black phosphorene has recently shown superior semiconductor performances. Silicene and germanene feature Dirac-type band dispersions, much like graphene. Calculations show that most group IV and group V elements have one or more stable 2D allotropes, with properties potentially suitable for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we review the advances in these fascinating elemental 2D materials and discuss progress and challenges in their applications in future opto-and nano-electronic devices.

2D-MTJs: introducing 2D materials in magnetic tunnel junctions

“…While graphene is the first 2DM to have been envisioned and implemented in magnetic tunnel junctions, the 2DM family is extremely extensive, with materials demonstrating a wide range of available properties [68][69][70][71]. Very recently, a few other 2DMs have been studied, and two main classes of materials have been more thoroughly explored: hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which is an insulating isomorph of graphene, and TMDCs (MoS 2 , WS 2 , etc), which is semiconducting family of layered materials.…”

Emerging in‐plane anisotropic two‐dimensional materials

“…The first cleaved 2D material, graphene, has excellent electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties, which has been considered to have promising applications in the fields of flexible electronics, electromagnetic absorption, energy generation and storage . However, the lack of a band gap blocks its applications in digital devices and photodetectors with high performance . The gapless graphene encourages the wide‐open field—the searching for other 2D materials beyond graphene.…”

“…the lack of a band gap blocks its applications in digital devices and photodetectors with high performance. [13][14][15] The gapless graphene encourages the wide-open field-the searching for other 2D materials beyond graphene. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (eg, MoS 2 and WSe 2 etc.)…”

Acetonitrile-assisted exfoliation of layered grey and black arsenic: contrasting properties

“…There has been extensive research in the eld of multi-elemental 2D materials, and currently monoelemental 2D materials beyond graphene have reemerged in the vanguard of materials research. 13 While graphene, silicene, germanene and phosphorene have been extensively studied in recent years, 12,14 arsenene, antimonene and bismuthene have been mostly explored using theoretical calculations. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Especially for arsenene and its experimentally synthetic methods, there have been a limited number of reports.…”