Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Management Optimization in Urban Residential Communities

Chu, Hao; Yu, Jia; Wen, Jiahong; Yi, Min; Chen, Yongqin David

doi:10.3390/su11030795

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Tests 13, 17, and 25 and tests 5, 9, and 21 demonstrated that if the hierarchy was changed from R-I to I-R, evacuation performance improved for both cases. Similar results were observed in both cases for hierarchy changes of S-I (tests 11,15,27) to I-S (tests 7, 19, 23) and S-R (tests 6, 10, 26) to R-S (tests 14,18,22). When the stable evacuation performance for binary combinations was sorted in a descending manner, Equation (9) for case 1 and Equation (10) for case 2 were obtained:…”

Section: Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Hierarchical Behavior Model for Multi-Agent System with Evasion Capabilities and Dynamic Memory

Çetin

Bülbül

2020

IJGI

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The behavior of an agent may be simple or complex depending on its role. Behavioral simulation using agents can have multiple approaches that have different advantages and disadvantages. By combining different behaviors in a hierarchical model, situational inefficiencies can be compensated. This paper proposes a behavioral hierarchy model that combines different mechanisms in behavior plans. The study simulates the social behavior in an office environment during an emergency using collision avoidance, negotiation, conflict solution, and path-planning mechanisms in the same multi-agent model to find their effects and the efficiency of the combinational setups. Independent agents were designed to have memory expansion, pathfinding, and searching capabilities, and the ability to exchange information among themselves and perform evasive actions to find a way out of congestion and conflict. The designed model allows us to modify the behavioral hierarchy and action order of agents during evacuation scenarios. Moreover, each agent behavior can be enabled or disabled separately. The effects of these capabilities on escape performance were measured in terms of time required for evacuation and evacuation ratio. Test results prove that all mechanisms in the proposed model have characteristics that fit each other well in situations where different hierarchies are needed. Dynamic memory management (DMM), together with a hierarchical behavior plan, achieved a performance improvement of 23.14% in escape time without providing agents with any initial environmental information.

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Section: Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Eivazy and Malek [8] offered an agent-based solution for flood management. Several simulations with multiple agents were performed for emergency evacuations [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Behavior Model for Multi-Agent System with Evasion Capabilities and Dynamic Memory

Çetin

Bülbül

2020

IJGI

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“…These models can be generally classified into the cellular automaton model (CA), the lattice gas model (LG), the social force model (SF), and the agent-based model (AB). A number of commercial tools have also been developed to simulate the behaviour of evacuees, such as Pathfinder [6] and EXODUS [7]. These evacuation models and simulation tools are widely used in fire control training, evacuation drills and education, and to some extent, can explain and predict the behaviour of the evacuees, and the entire evacuation process.…”

Section: Evacuation Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

Zhou

Jia

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Due to differences in cognitive ability and physiological development, the evacuation characteristics of children are different from those of adults. This study proposes a novel method of using wearable sensors to collect data (e.g., electrodermal activity, EDA; heart rate variability, HRV) on children's physiological responses, and to continuously and quantitatively evaluate the effects of different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of children. In order to determine the optimum alarm for children, an on-site experiment was conducted in a kindergarten to collect physiological data for responses to different types of alarm sounds during the evacuation of 42 children of different ages. The results showed that: (1) The alarm sounds led to changes in physiological indicators of children aged 3-6 years, and the effects of different types of alarm sounds on EDA and HRV activities were significantly different (p < 0.05). Skin conductance (SC), skin conductance tonic (SCT) and skin conductance level (SCL) can be used as the main indicators for analysing EDA of children in this experiment (p < 0.05), and the indicators of ultralow frequency (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) for HRV were not affected by the type of alarm sounds (p > 0.05). (2) Unlike adults, kindergarten children were more susceptible to the warning siren. The combined voice and warning alarm had optimal effects in stimulating children to perceive risk. (3) For children aged 3-6 years, gender had a significant impact on children's reception to evacuation sound signals (p < 0.05): Girls are more sensitive than boys in receiving evacuation sound signals, similar to findings of studies of risk perception of adult males and females. In addition, the higher the age, the greater the sensitivity to evacuation sound signals, which accords with results of previous studies on the evacuation dynamics of children.

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“…In general, emergency evacuation is considered as a traditional routing problem and many improved classical algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem [6,7]. In fact, the emergency evacuation is a complex problem and is affected by many factors such as psychology [8], demographics [9], human relations [10], risk warning [11,12], and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many studies have been conducted, most studies on emergency evacuation were restricted to single building [23,24] or large-scale evacuations [22,25], while few studies focused on community-scale evacuation [6]. In addition, in the existing study of emergency evacuation of urban communities, there are two important issues rarely considered by researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Flood Evacuation Process in Vulnerable Community with Mutual Aid Mechanism: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework

Wang

Huang

Wang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Timely and secure evacuation of residents during flood disasters or other emergency events is an important issue in urban community flood risk management, especially in vulnerable communities. An agent-based modeling framework was proposed in order to indicate how the community properties (e.g., community density and percentage of vulnerable residents), residents’ psychological attributes (e.g., flood risk tolerance threshold) and mutual aid mechanism affect the flood evacuation process. Results indicated that: (1) The community density negatively affected the flood evacuation efficiency. The greater the density of the community, the longer the evacuation time. (2) There was a negative correlation between the flood risk tolerance threshold of residents and evacuation efficiency. (3) The proportion of vulnerable resident agents had opposite effects on the evacuation efficiency of different types of communities, which was to negatively affect low-density communities and positively affect high-density communities. (4) Mutual aid mechanism can reduce evacuation time in low-density communities, and the effect was more pronounced with a higher proportion of vulnerable resident agents in the community. These findings can help managers to develop better emergency evacuation management for urban communities.

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Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Management Optimization in Urban Residential Communities

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Hierarchical Behavior Model for Multi-Agent System with Evasion Capabilities and Dynamic Memory

Hierarchical Behavior Model for Multi-Agent System with Evasion Capabilities and Dynamic Memory

The Relationship between Different Types of Alarm Sounds and Children’s Perceived Risk Based on Their Physiological Responses

Analysis of Flood Evacuation Process in Vulnerable Community with Mutual Aid Mechanism: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework

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