Emergency evacuation risk assessment and mitigation strategy for a toxic gas leak in an underground space: The case of a subway station in Guangzhou, China

Feng, Jian; Gai, Wen-mei; Yan, Yabin

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105039

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Alarm systems using warning bells, alarm whistlers, audio broadcast systems using records previously made, and live broadcasts from the fire protection control room of the closed-circuit television system. 21 Pedestrians who discover the accident first evacuate earlier. Their motivation is strong, and the desired speed state is running.…”

Section: Emergency Response In Subway Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since fires are the most frequent and typical of various accidents in subway stations, 21 the fire situation is used as a case study. Four cases that start emergency response at different moments were designed to study the impact on evacuation efficiency when a fire happens in coach 6.…”

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18][19][20] In studies of evacuation assessment combined with pedestrian dynamics simulation, various accidents such as terrorism attacks, toxic gas leaks, explosions, and fire were analyzed. [21][22][23][24] Their impact on the evacuees has been evaluated and reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metro station evacuation safety assessment considering emergency response

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2022

SIMULATION

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The emergency response process will not start immediately in the initial stage of a subway accident, and information will not fully spread temporarily. Crowds in different regions receive different comprehensiveness of accident information. They will start evacuating at different times and at different desired speed states. Depending on this phenomenon, pedestrians were classified in simulation modeling. In addition, the different states of emergency gates, escalators, and automatic gate machines before and after the emergency response instruction were set up in the simulation. The impact of different emergency response times on evacuations was studied. The emergency response in advance did not make a significant promotion to evacuation efficiency, but delayed emergency response reduced it greatly. This work proposed an evacuation risk index (ERI) and maximum safe evacuation capacity in metro stations. The worst accident evacuation scenario can be obtained by calculating the ERI, and a metro station was evaluated as a case study. The comparison of the evaluation results of ERI and other methods shows that the conclusion is consistent, but ERI considers the accident location factor.

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Section: Emergency Response In Subway Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metro station evacuation safety assessment considering emergency response

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2022

SIMULATION

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“…Current research on emergency management focuses mainly on the management of accidents [ 30 , 31 ], including the application of statistical methods to study accident characteristics [ 32 ], evacuation route planning in emergencies [ 33 , 34 ], accident analysis methods [ 35 , 36 ], emergency response methods [ 37 ], hazardous chemical leakage assessment [ 38 , 39 ], risk management [ 40 ], and the prediction of accidents with artificial intelligence [ 41 , 42 ]. There are relatively few recent case studies on the emergency management of natural disasters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CAST-Based Analysis of the Metro Accident That Was Triggered by the Zhengzhou Heavy Rainstorm Disaster

Zhao

Fang

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Emergency management research is used to deal with the increasing number of extreme weather threats in urban areas. This paper uses causal analysis based on systems theory (CAST) to review the subway water ingress accident and the government’s emergency management actions in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, during the heavy rainstorm disaster on 20 July 2021. The aims of this article are to establish safety control structures at both the enterprise level and the government level, and to systematically analyze the problems in emergency management in Zhengzhou City. Our analysis found that the construction of disaster prevention facilities restricted emergency management. Therefore, we suggest that enterprises and governments not only pay attention to emergency management, but also to the construction of disaster prevention facilities. This article also points out that the system of chief executive responsibility that is implemented in China is becoming a double-edged sword in emergency management. Our study makes recommendations for enhancing the capacities of emergency management, points out the shortcomings of the existing emergency management structure, and provides knowledge gained for future emergency management research.

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“…As mentioned above, the airflow and concentration distributions of chemical compounds are transient and heterogeneous in workplaces, and the characteristics of this heterogeneity are difficult to ascertain by field measurements 19,20 . To the best of our knowledge, numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are recognized as the only alternative method 20‐25 . There has been much research on CFD applications for analyzing indoor concentration distributions of chemical compounds, including modeling emission sources, sorption/desorption mechanisms, and chemical reactions 26‐33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal diffusion and re‐emission of leaked liquid ethyl acetate from mortar materials

Harashima

Sumiyoshi

Ito

2022

Japan Architectural Review

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Assuming the leakage of hazardous liquid chemicals in factories and chemical plants caused by natural disasters or human error, it is important to precisely estimate exposure risk and design appropriate evacuation plans and risk‐reduction measures. The exposure risk of indoor residents to leaked chemicals may be estimated using direct measurements or theoretical/numerical estimations of gas‐phase concentrations. Although mathematical models of gas‐phase concentration in the workplace are essential for predicting exposure concentrations at the design stage, practical models have not yet been fully established. We previously proposed practical numerical models to assess indoor gas‐phase concentration distributions after the accidental leakage of liquid chemicals using liquid toluene as a representative hazardous chemical. In this study, the leakage of liquid ethyl acetate, a commonly used organic solvent, into mortar flooring was reproduced in a small test chamber, and numerical analysis was performed. The results showed that the time history of the chamber exhaust concentration had a sharp peak and differed significantly from that of toluene. Three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis incorporating practical ethyl acetate emission models reproduced the external and internal emission characteristics of leaked ethyl acetate on the mortar material. The models showed reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

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Emergency evacuation risk assessment and mitigation strategy for a toxic gas leak in an underground space: The case of a subway station in Guangzhou, China

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Metro station evacuation safety assessment considering emergency response

Metro station evacuation safety assessment considering emergency response

A CAST-Based Analysis of the Metro Accident That Was Triggered by the Zhengzhou Heavy Rainstorm Disaster

Internal diffusion and re‐emission of leaked liquid ethyl acetate from mortar materials

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