Emergence of West Nile virus in West Bengal, India: a new report

Khatun, T; Chatterjee, Souvik

doi:10.1093/trstmh/trx033

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…and Aedes spp. are mainly responsible for the transmission of the virus [8]. Depending on the season, migratory birds annually overfly countries in both the Northern and Southern hemisphere [9], thus playing an essential role in the spread of WNV in Asia, Africa, and Europe [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh

Islam

Hossain

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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West Nile Virus (WNV) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving mosquito vectors and birds. To detect WNV and other flavivirus infections in wild resident and migratory birds, we tested 184 samples from 19 identified species within nine families collected during 2012–2016 from four districts in Bangladesh. We tested serum samples for the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against WNV using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), whereas tracheal and cloacal swabs were subjected to consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (c-PCR) for the detection of the flavivirus RNA. Overall, we detected 11.9% (n = 22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.16) samples were seropositive, including 15.9% in the migratory wild birds and 10.7% in the resident wild birds. The migratory wild Tufted duck showed 28.5% seropositivity, whereas the resident wild house crows showed 12.5% seropositivity. None of the swab samples was positive for flavivirus RNA infection (0%, n = 184; 95% CI: 0–0.019). These study findings recommend continued surveillance for early detection and to better understand the epidemiology of WNV and other flavivirus circulation in both birds and mosquitoes in Bangladesh.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Korea, it has been reported that 0.3% of migratory wild birds had immunoglobulin against WNV [16]. WNV seroprevalence was reported as being 11.6% [17] to 14.5% [8] in humans and 1.6% in wild residents and migratory birds [18] in India. Moreover, WNV was detected in humans and horses in Pakistan [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh

Islam

Hossain

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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“…However, the impact of WNV on human and animal health increased dramatically during the last two decades, particularly in the United States of America, with more than 2,000 deaths between 1999 and 2018 (24), and in Europe (25,26). Human WNV cases were also reported in several Asian countries (27)(28)(29)(30) but little is known about its epidemiology and its potential impact on health in this continent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence for Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Virus Infections in Domestic Birds in Cambodia

et al. 2020

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“…In India, asymptomatic infections had been reported for many years with isolations from mosquitoes and humans, especially in South India. Febrile illness in epidemic form and clinically overt encephalitis patients has been observed in Assam, North east (62), and Kerala, Southern regions of India (3,13), and recently, in West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh states (64,129).…”

Section: Morbidity and Variation Of Wn And Den Virus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines Against Dengue and West Nile Viruses in India: The Need of the Hour

Gore

2020

Viral Immunology

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The circulation of flaviviruses, dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis ( JE) and West Nile (WN) viruses, and others, is generating a major concern in many countries. Both JE along with DEN have been endemic in large regions of India. WN virus infection, although circulating in southern regions for many years, in recent years, WN encephalitis patients have been demonstrated. While vaccines against JE have been developed and decrease outbreaks, in case of DEN and WN, vaccines are still in developing level, especially, it has been difficult to achieve the long-term protective immune response. The first licensed DEN vaccine, which is a live attenuated vaccine, was administered in countries where the virus is endemic, and has a potential to cause serious side effects, especially when administered to younger population as observed in the Philippines vaccination drive. In the case of WN, although the purified inactivated virion-based vaccine worked effectively as a veterinary vaccine for horses, no effective vaccine has yet been licensed for humans. The induction of CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses is essential to complete protection by these viruses, as evidenced by responses to asymptomatic infections. Many studies have shown that neutralizing antibody (NAb) response is against surface structural proteins; CD4 + and CD8 + responses are mainly directed against nonstructural proteins rather than NAb response. New data suggest that encapsulating virus vaccines in nanoparticles (NPs) will direct antigen in cytoplasmic compartment by antigen-presenting cells, which will improve presentation to CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Since tissue culture-derived, purified inactivated viruses are easier to manufacture and safer than developing live virus vaccines, inclusion of NP provides an attractive alternative for generating robust flaviviral vaccines that are affordable with long-lived protection.

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Emergence of West Nile virus in West Bengal, India: a new report

Abstract: The serological and molecular approaches have clearly established the emergence of WNV in West Bengal. Hence, for proper case management, detection of WNV in common febrile illness is strongly recommended.

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh

Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh

Serological Evidence for Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Virus Infections in Domestic Birds in Cambodia

Vaccines Against Dengue and West Nile Viruses in India: The Need of the Hour

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