Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh

Islam, Ariful; Islam, Shariful; Hossain, Mohammad Enayet; Ferdous, Jinnat; Abedin, Josefina; Rahman, Mohammad Ziaur; Rahman, Kaisar; Hoque, Ahasanul; Hassan, Mohammad Mahmudul

doi:10.3390/vetsci7040164

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…WNV seroprevalence was higher in adult birds which may be due to their prolonged exposure to infected mosquito bites over time. Such dynamics have been previously observed [ 33 , 34 ] and agree with the notion that cumulative exposure increases seroprevalence. However, in agreement with previous longitudinal observations [ 8 , 13 ], our results show that antibodies are not detectable lifelong, because slightly more than 12% individuals seroreverted years after exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Warm winters are associated to more intense West Nile virus circulation in southern Spain

Magallanes,

Llorente,

Ruiz-López

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus in the world. This flavivirus can infect humans causing in some cases a fatal neurological disease and birds are the main reservoir hosts. WNV is endemic in Spain, and human cases have been reported since 2004. Although different studies analyse how climatic conditions can affect the dynamics of WNV infection, very few use long-term datasets. Between 2003 and 2020 a total of 2,724 serum samples from 1,707 common coots ( Fulica atra ) were analysed for the presence of WNV-specific antibodies. Mean (SD) annual seroprevalence was 24.67% (0.28) but showed high year-to-year variations ranging from 5.06% (0.17) to 68.89% (0.29). Significant positive correlations ( p < 0.01) were observed between seroprevalence and maximum winter temperature and mean spring temperature. The unprecedented WNV outbreak in humans in the south of Spain in 2020 was preceded by a prolonged period of escalating WNV local circulation. Given current global and local climatic trends, WNV circulation is expected to increase in the next decades. This underscores the necessity of implementing One Health approaches to reduce the risk of future WNV outbreaks in humans. Our results suggest that higher winter and spring temperatures may be used as an early warning signal of more intense WNV circulation among wildlife in Spain, and consequently highlight the need of more intense vector control and surveillance in human inhabited areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Warm winters are associated to more intense West Nile virus circulation in southern Spain

Magallanes,

Llorente,

Ruiz-López

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…The West Nile virus was initially identified in 1937 after being isolated by a woman residing in the West Nile district of Uganda. However, it wasn't until 1999 that the virus was first detected in New York City, signifying its appearance in the Western Hemisphere (Islam et al 2020). Since then, WNV has spread to every state in the United States and numerous other countries worldwide, including Canada, Mexico, and SAARC-associated nations, except for Bhutan (David and Abraham 2016).…”

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Emerging Zoonotic Diseases through a One Health Approach: Challenges Opportunities

2023

IJAB

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One Health is a comprehensive approach that addresses the interconnected well-being of individuals, animals, and ecosystems, recognizing the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health. Emerging zoonotic diseases, such as Anthrax, Rabies, Brucellosis, Q Fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease, Leishmaniasis, and coronaviruses like MERS-CoV and COVID-19, underscore the critical importance of adopting the One Health paradigm. These diseases pose significant threats to global health, with origins often traced to complex interactions between environmental factors, climate change, and human-animal interfaces. Each disease presents unique challenges, demanding a multidisciplinary One Health approach for effective prevention and control. Collaboration among veterinarians, physicians, researchers, policymakers, and communities is crucial. Notable successes, such as the substantial reduction of human rabies deaths in Iran and the successful One Health strategy implemented in India for controlling leishmaniasis, demonstrate the effectiveness of such holistic approaches. However, challenges persist, including weak laboratory capacity, limited resources, and legislative gaps. Successful prevention entails rapid disease detection, efficient surveillance, and collaboration across various sectors. Multifaceted collaboration is essential for research, vaccine development, and international information exchange to effectively mitigate the spread of infectious diseases.

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“…As we alluded to earlier in this review, avian species also serve as exceptional amplification hosts for WNV. The predominant advantage here is that migratory birds can transport viruses great distances, due to the ability of birds to remain viremic for a number of days [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Furthermore, an incredibly high mortality rate (~100%) is associated with WNV infection in many bird species [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Infection and Persistence Of Flaviviruses In Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations

Blahove

Carter

2021

Viruses

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A substantial number of humans are at risk for infection by vector-borne flaviviruses, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. These viruses also infect wildlife at a considerable rate, persistently cycling between ticks/mosquitoes and small mammals and reptiles and non-human primates and humans. Substantially increasing evidence of viral persistence in wildlife continues to be reported. In addition to in humans, viral persistence has been shown to establish in mammalian, reptile, arachnid, and mosquito systems, as well as insect cell lines. Although a considerable amount of research has centered on the potential roles of defective virus particles, autophagy and/or apoptosis-induced evasion of the immune response, and the precise mechanism of these features in flavivirus persistence have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we present findings that aid in understanding how vector-borne flavivirus persistence is established in wildlife. Research studies to be discussed include determining the critical roles universal flavivirus non-structural proteins played in flaviviral persistence, the advancement of animal models of viral persistence, and studying host factors that allow vector-borne flavivirus replication without destructive effects on infected cells. These findings underscore the viral–host relationships in wildlife animals and could be used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the establishment of viral persistence in these animals.

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Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Warm winters are associated to more intense West Nile virus circulation in southern Spain

Warm winters are associated to more intense West Nile virus circulation in southern Spain

Addressing Emerging Zoonotic Diseases through a One Health Approach: Challenges Opportunities

Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations

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