Emergence of the delta variant and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in secondary school students and staff: Prospective surveillance in 18 schools, England

Ladhani, Shamez; Ireland, Georgina; Baawuah, Frances; Beckmann, Joanne; Okike, Ifeanyichukwu; Ahmad, Shazaad; Garstang, Joanna; Brent, Andrew; Brent, Bernadette; Aiano, Felicity; Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin; Kall, Meaghan; Borrow, Ray; Linley, Ezra; Zambon, Maria; Poh, John; Warrener, Lenesha; Lackenby, Angie; Ellis, Joanna; Amirthalingam, Gayatri; Brown, Kevin E.; Ramsay, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101319

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Our modelling work identified a significantly lower risk of PIMS-TS during the Delta wave compared to the Alpha wave. Prior immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to explain the lower risk because less than half the children were still infection-naïve in June/July 2021 ( 39 ), consistent with reports from other similar high income countries, and reinfection with Delta in previously-infected children was uncommon ( 40 ). Notably, mRNA vaccination has been shown to significantly reduce PIMS-TS risk in adolescents ( 41 ), most likely by preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Risk of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS) during the SARS-CoV-2 alpha and delta variant waves: National observational and modelling study, 2020–21, England

Shingleton¹,

Burton²,

Williams³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectivesPaediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (PIMS-TS) is a rare life-threatening complication that typically occurs several weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people (CYP). We used national and regional-level data from the COVID-19 pandemic waves in England to develop a model to predict PIMS-TS cases.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 infections in CYP aged 0–15 years in England were estimated using the PHE-Cambridge real-time model. PIMS-TS cases were identified through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit during (March-June 2020) and through Secondary Uses Services (SUS) from November 2020. A predictive model was developed to estimate PIMS-TS risk and lag times after SARS-CoV-2 infections.ResultsDuring the Alpha wave, the model accurately predicted PIMS-TS cases (506 vs. 502 observed cases), with a median estimated risk of 0.038% (IQR, 0.037–0.041%) of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections. For the Delta wave, the median risk of PIMS-TS was significantly lower at 0.026% (IQR, 0.025–0.029%), with 212 observed PIMS-TS cases compared to 450 predicted by the model.ConclusionsThe model accurately predicted national and regional PIMS-TS cases in CYP during the Alpha wave. PIMS-TS cases were 53% lower than predicted during the Delta wave. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of the observed lower risk with the Delta variant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Risk of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS) during the SARS-CoV-2 alpha and delta variant waves: National observational and modelling study, 2020–21, England

Shingleton¹,

Burton²,

Williams³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…In June 2021, Ladhani et al reported a higher seroprevalence among secondary school pupils and staff than we, but their observation of a comparable seroprevalence in staff and pupils is similar. [22] In our study, staff from primary schools had a significantly higher seroprevalence by June 2021. A study in Wales [23] also found that the odds to test positive were higher in staff from primary schools and in staff compared to their pupils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants for salivary seropositivity among pupils and school staff: a prospective cohort study

Merckx¹,

Callies²,

Kabouche³

et al. 2023

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Author's contributions: JM, ID, ED, and MR contributed to the conception and design of the study. JM prepared the draft of the protocol and JM, MC, IK, ID, ED, and MR reviewed and finalized the protocol. MC, IK, and ED organized and conducted biological samples collection and transport. ID did the analysis of the samples and interpretation of test results. MC, IK, and ED organized and conducted epidemiological data collection and performed project administration and coordination. JM and MR did data cleaning and analysis. JM, MR, and ED did interpretation of data and results. JM and MR analysed the complete data. MR

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“…The lower susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 transmission relative to adults was also demonstrated in a meta-analysis conducted by Viner et al [ 39 ]. Moreover, several studies have shown that seroprevalence in educational settings reflects the local SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and is probably associated with general community transmission [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. In contrast to primary and secondary schools, teaching at the university level moved almost completely to the remote mode during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, and thus, they should represent a lower SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland

et al. 2023

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Children are among the best vectors to spread respiratory viruses, including emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to the asymptomatic or relatively mild course of infection and simultaneously high titres of pathogens in the respiratory tract. Therefore, individuals who have constant contact with children, e.g., teachers should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as essential workers within the first phases of a vaccination campaign. In Poland, primary and secondary school teachers were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 from February 2021 with a three month interval between the two doses, while lecturers at medical universities, who are simultaneously healthcare workers, received the BNT126b2 vaccine from December 2020 with three weeks between the first and second doses. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody responses at two weeks and three months after vaccination and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among infection-naïve teachers vaccinated with mRNA and a vector vaccine. We found that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies were significantly higher among the lecturers but antibody waning was slower among the schoolteachers. However, those vaccinated with ChAdOx1 complained significantly more often of vaccine side effects. In addition, during the three months after the second vaccine dose no study participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The BNT126b2 vaccine gave higher antibody titres in comparison with ChAdOx1 but protection against COVID-19 in both cases was similar. Moreover, we did not find any anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies at two weeks as well as at three months after vaccination among the study participants, which shows a very high vaccine effectiveness in the occupational group with a high SARS-CoV-2-infection risk.

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Emergence of the delta variant and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in secondary school students and staff: Prospective surveillance in 18 schools, England

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Risk of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS) during the SARS-CoV-2 alpha and delta variant waves: National observational and modelling study, 2020–21, England

Risk of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS) during the SARS-CoV-2 alpha and delta variant waves: National observational and modelling study, 2020–21, England

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants for salivary seropositivity among pupils and school staff: a prospective cohort study

Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland

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