Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>of Animal Origin in Humans

Loo, Inge H. M. van; Huijsdens, Xander W.; Tiemersma, Edine; Neeling, Albert J. de; Sande-Bruinsma, N. van de; Beaujean, Desirée; Voß, Andreas; Kluytmans, Jan

doi:10.3201/eid1312.070384

Cited by 399 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In other recent Dutch studies resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was not or hardly ever found in MRSA in pigs and humans [11,12], hence this resistance might be currently emerging. The pattern of resistance of the MRSA samples in our study was otherwise comparable to that in other recent studies [11][12][13].…”

Section: Impact Of Nt-mrsa In Dutch Health-care Systemsupporting

confidence: 91%

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

et al. 2008

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SUMMARYWe compared the prevalence of human and animal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at pig farms in The Netherlands, and related this to individual and farm-level characteristics. More than half of the farms investigated (28/50) had MRSA in pigs or stable dust and about one third (15/50) of person(s) were identified as MRSA carriers. Human carriage was found only on farms with MRSA-positive pigs or dust. MRSA strains in human samples were the same spa-type as found in pigs and all were not typable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (NT-MRSA). Multivariate analyses showed that risk factors for human MRSA carriage were: working in pig stables (OR 40,) and the presence of sows and finishing pigs (OR 9, 95 % CI 3-30). Veterinary sample collectors sampling the pigs showed transient MRSA carriage only during the day of the farm visit. Working in pig stables with MRSA-positive pigs poses a high risk for acquiring MRSA, increasingly so when contact with live pigs is more intensive or long lasting.

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Section: Impact Of Nt-mrsa In Dutch Health-care Systemsupporting

confidence: 91%

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

et al. 2008

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“…In 2003, a new type of MRSA (ST398) emerged in Dutch hospitals and has been found particularly in persons having contact with pigs or veal calves [5][6][7]. Since these first notifications, this new type has been increasingly isolated [3,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of livestock-associated MRSA in broiler flocks and risk factors for slaughterhouse personnel in The Netherlands

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYTo determine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in poultry and slaughterhouse personnel, 40 Dutch broiler flocks, in six slaughterhouses and 466 personnel were sampled. Of the employees, 26 were positive (5 . 6 %), indicating a higher risk of exposure when compared to the general Dutch population (0 . 1 %). This risk was significantly higher for personnel having contact with live animals (5 . 2 %) -especially hanging broilers on the slaughterline (20 . 0%) -than for all other personnel (1 . 9 %). Conventional electric stunning conferred a significantly higher risk of MRSA carriage for employees than CO 2 stunning (9 . 7% vs. 2 . 0%). A total of 405 broilers were sampled upon their arrival at the slaughterhouse, of which 6 . 9% were positive. These broilers originated from 40 Dutch slaughter flocks of which 35 . 0% were positive. MRSA contamination in the different compartments of slaughterhouses increased during the production day, from 8 % to 35 %. Of the 119 MRSA isolates, predominantly livestock-associated MRSA ST398 was found, although 27 . 7 % belonged to ST9 (spa type t1430). There is an increased risk of MRSA carriage in personnel working at broiler slaughterhouses, particularly those having contact with live animals.

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“…Since the carriage of MRSA is the general population is low [1,2] , this policy consists mainly of screening people from foreign hospitals and/or contacts of known MRSA positive patients. In July 2006 these guidelines were changed when it became clear that contact with pigs and/or veal calves was a risk factor for MRSA carriage [3][4][5][6]. Consequently, persons in contact with these types of livestock were included in the risk groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and colonization with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 versus other MRSA in an area with a high density of pig farms

Wulf

Verduin

Nes

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the emergence of animal related methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in an area with a high density of pig farms. A retrospective analysis was performed of all MRSA isolates in the laboratory database . This is a 925% increase of which 82% (108/132) was due to ST398. The majority (74%) came from targeted screening but 7% was due to unexpected findings. A wide range of infections with ST398 occurred in patients with and without contact with livestock varying from post-operative wound infections to sepsis and post-trauma osteomyelitis with an overrepresentation of spa type t567 among the clinical isolates. ST398 isolates were more often multi-resistant than isolates of other spa-types. The emergence of MRSA ST398 led to an increase in both MRSA carriers and MRSA infections.

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Emergence of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusof Animal Origin in Humans

Abstract: MRSA from an animal reservoir has recently entered the human population and is now responsible for >20% of all MRSA in the Netherlands.

Cited by 399 publications

References 21 publications

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin people living and working in pig farms

Prevalence of livestock-associated MRSA in broiler flocks and risk factors for slaughterhouse personnel in The Netherlands

Infection and colonization with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 versus other MRSA in an area with a high density of pig farms

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