Emergence of Epidemic O'nyong-nyong Fever in Southwestern Uganda, After an Absence of 35 Years

Rwaguma, Elly B.; Lutwama, J. J.; Sempala, S. D. K.; Kiwanuka, Noah; Kamugisha, J.; Okware, Samuel; Bagambisa, G.; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Roehrig, John T.; Gubler, D. J.

doi:10.3201/eid0301.970112

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several arboviruses, such as o'nyong-nyong virus, have re-emerged after years of apparent inactivity and are increasing in significance to human health. 1,2 The re-emergence and spread of arboviral diseases may be the result of many factors, 3 including increased travel, encroachment into new areas, and reduced efforts to control arthropod vectors. The introduction and rapid spread of West Nile virus (WNV) throughout the United States since 1999 and the highly publicized discussions regarding the potential use of biologic agents by terrorists has increased public awareness of vector-borne diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of West Nile Virus Transmitted by Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus

Vanlandingham

Schneider

Klingler

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Transmission experiments are a critical component of vector competence studies. In this study, a real-time reverse transcriptase−polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to enumerate the amount of West Nile virus (WNV) secreted in mosquito saliva following oral infection. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were allowed to feed on WNV-infected blood, and saliva was collected on days 14 and 21 post-infection (pi). The amount of virus at these two time points varied significantly, with mean equivalent plaque-forming units (pfu) of approximately 30,500 on day 14 pi and 5,800 on day 21 pi. Individual mosquitoes secreted up to 2 × 10 5 pfu of virus. Titer of whole mosquitoes and immunofluorescence assay of salivary glands from mosquitoes collected at these two time points were also used for supplemental comparison. This report describes the first use of a real-time RT-PCR to quantify the amount of WNV in mosquito saliva.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of West Nile Virus Transmitted by Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus

Vanlandingham

Schneider

Klingler

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Along with identifications of blood meals, arboviruses were isolated from mosquitoes. From earlier studies, some of these arboviruses include; Chikungunya , Zika ), Rift Valley Fever (Woodall, 1964, O'nyong-Nyong (Rwaguma et al 1997;Lanciotti et al, 1998), and yellow Fever viruses (Kirya et al, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, (Alcaide et al, 2009) and (Roiz et al, 2012) have used the HOTSHOT protocol with cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) to identify blood-meal hosts. Along with these identifications, a number of arboviruses including Chikungunya , Zika Haddow et al, 1964;), Rift Valley Fever (Woodall, 1964, O'nyongNyong (Rwaguma et al, 1997;Lanciotti et al, 1998;Kiwanuka et al, 1999), Sindbis (Smithburn et al, 1946), Bunyamwera (Smithburn et al, 1946), Ntaya (Smithburn and Haddow, 1951), Semliki Forest (Finter, 1964), West Nile and Usutu (Smithburn et al, 1940;Williams et al, 1964), Witwatersrand and Germiston (Monath et al, 1972), Uganda S virus (Dick and Haddow, 1952) and yellow fever (Kirya et al, 1977) were isolated from mosquitoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High proportion of mosquito vectors in Zika forest, Uganda, feeding on humans has implications for the spread of new arbovirus pathogens

Kaddumukasa¹,

Kayondo²,

Masiga³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a steady increase in the contact between humans and wildlife, brought about by encroachment, destruction of natural forests, climatic and environmental changes. Mosquitoes get exposed to hosts and pathogens; creating possibilities for new disease patterns. Therefore, the identification of bloodmeal sources is important to determine the linkages between hosts and vectors. Engorged mosquitoes were collected in Zika forest (Uganda) for a period of 12 months using carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-baited light traps. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the abdominal contents of the mosquitoes and the diagnostic regions of the mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) sequenced. The sequences were subsequently blasted in the GenBank. Sequence analyses revealed that feeds were derived from mammalian and avian hosts. Blood-meal sources from Aedes africanus (Theobold) examined were entirely human. There were significant differences between host species from which the mosquito species fed (Krusakal Wallis test, χ 2 = 19.118, df = 5, p = 0.018). Several mosquitoes were considered as potential bridge vectors for a number of arboviruses and other diseases have been collected from the forest. Taking of mammalian origin blood-meals, including humans, may facilitate exposure to new pathogens and disease patterns.

show abstract

“…10,11 In 1996, ONNV reappeared after a 35-year hiatus and was responsible for causing another epidemic in Uganda. 12,13 The most recent outbreak of ONNV was documented in the fall of 2003 and involved refugees from Western Côte d'Ivoire, an area not normally associated with ONNV transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Field-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Detection of Chikungunya and O’nyong-nyong Viruses in Mosquitoes

Smith

Lee

Jahrling

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Chikungunya (CHIK) and O'nyong-nyong (ONN) are important emerging arthropod-borne diseases. Molecular diagnosis of these two viruses in mosquitoes has not been evaluated, and the effects of extraneous mosquito tissue on assay performance have not been tested. Additionally, no real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay exists for detecting ONN virus (ONNV) RNA. We describe the development of sensitive and specific real-time RT-PCR assays for detecting CHIK and ONN viral RNA in mosquitoes, which have application for field use. In addition, we compared three methods for primer/probe design for assay development by evaluating their sensitivity and specificity. This comparison resulted in development of virus-specific assays that could detect less than one plaqueforming unit equivalent of each of the viruses in mosquitoes. The use of these assays will aid in arthropod-borne disease surveillance and in the control of the associated diseases.

show abstract

Emergence of Epidemic O'nyong-nyong Fever in Southwestern Uganda, After an Absence of 35 Years

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of West Nile Virus Transmitted by Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus

Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase–polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of West Nile Virus Transmitted by Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus

High proportion of mosquito vectors in Zika forest, Uganda, feeding on humans has implications for the spread of new arbovirus pathogens

Development of Field-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Detection of Chikungunya and O’nyong-nyong Viruses in Mosquitoes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About