Emergence and properties of spice and bath salts: A medicinal chemistry perspective

Lewin, Anita H.; Seltzman, Herbert H.; Carroll, F. Ivy; Mascarella, S. Wayne; Reddy, P. Anantha

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.026

Cited by 67 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Recently, a number of new psychoactive substances have appeared worldwide . Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a major class of abused drugs that elicit cannabimimetic effects similar to Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol by interacting with the CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of AB‐FUBINACA positional isomers by the abundance of product ions using electron ionization–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

et al. 2016

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Mass spectrometric differentiation of structural isomers is important for the analysis of forensic samples. Presently, there is no mass spectrometric method for differentiating halogen positional isomers of cannabimimetic compounds. We describe here a novel and practical method for differentiating one of these compounds, N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBINACA (para)), and its fluoro positional (ortho and meta) isomers in the phenyl ring by electron ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. It was found that the three isomers differed in the relative abundance of the ion at m/z 109 and 253 in the product ion spectra, while the detected product ions were identical. The logarithmic values of the abundance ratio of the ions at m/z 109 to 253 (ln(A /A )) were in the order meta < ortho < para and increased linearly with collision energy. The differences in abundances were attributed to differences in the dissociation reactivity between the indazole moiety and the fluorobenzyl group because of the halogen-positional effect on the phenyl ring. Our methodology, which is based on the abundance of the product ions in mass spectra, should be applicable to determination of the structures of other newly encountered designer drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of AB‐FUBINACA positional isomers by the abundance of product ions using electron ionization–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

et al. 2016

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“…Over 140 products containing SCs have been identified (4), and they differ in terms of SC type and amount (5), and may contain other psychoactive substances psychoactively active apart from SCs (6)(7)(8)(9). Although SCs' highly potent and short half-life creates a powerful effect (3), the heterogeneous structure of the mixture can lead to complicated clinical effects after use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of patients admitted to outpatient clinic for synthetic cannabinoid usage

Bozkurt¹,

Umut²,

Evren³

et al. 2014

Dusunen Adam

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Clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of patients admitted to outpatient clinic for synthetic cannabinoid usage Methods: One hundred fifty eight patients who admitted to AMATEM outpatient clinic between 28.08.2013-13.02.2014 and reported that they had been using SC were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data form were applied to patients and their urine samples were investigated by a screening test.Results: One hundred thirty five of the patients (86.0%) reported that they had been using cannabis before they started on SC, while 19 patients reported that the first substance they had used were SC. The reason to use SC was relaxation for 143 (92.3%) of the patients. One hundred eight (70.1%) of the patients had unsuccessful attempts to stop SC usage. One hundred four (86.7%) of the 120 patients whose urine samples could be analyzed, had positive screening test results for SC. Conclusion:Our study is important because it is the first study that investigates the usage properties and clinical effects of SC with the screening test results for SC in Turkey. Sonuç: Çalışmamız Türkiye'de SK'lerin kullanım özelliklerini ve klinik etkilerini araştıran ve SK tarama testi sonuçlarıyla birlikte değerlendiren ilk çalışma olması açısından önemlidir.

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“…Some SC metabolites display high affinity and efficacy for CB-1 receptors, thus prolonging and intensifying receptor activation, and contributing to the toxicity of the products [19]. A number of SC compounds incorporate indole-derived moieties, as components of the structure or as substituents [20]. Indoles are structurally similar to 5-HT, hence they can activate 5-HT receptors, which are typically associated with the effects of indoleamine hallucinogens such as dimethyltryptamine [21].…”

Section: Neuropharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake

Schifano

Orsolini

Papanti

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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Over the last decade, the 'traditional' drug scene has been supplemented - but not replaced - by the emergence of a range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), which are either newly created or existing drugs, including medications, now being used in novel ways. By the end of 2014, in excess of 500 NPS had been reported by a large number of countries in the world. Most recent data show, however, that synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids, and psychedelics/phenethylamines account for the largest number of NPS.The present chapter aims at providing an overview of the clinical and pharmacological issues relating to these most popular NPS categories. Given the vast range of medical and psychopathological issues associated with the molecules here described, it is crucial for health professionals to be aware of the effects and toxicity of NPS. A general overview of the acute management of NPS adverse events is provided as well, although further studies are required to identify a range of evidence-based, index molecule-focused, treatment strategies. The rapid pace of change in the NPS online market constitutes a major challenge to the provision of current and reliable scientific knowledge on these substances.

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Emergence and properties of spice and bath salts: A medicinal chemistry perspective

Cited by 67 publications

References 82 publications

Differentiation of AB‐FUBINACA positional isomers by the abundance of product ions using electron ionization–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Differentiation of AB‐FUBINACA positional isomers by the abundance of product ions using electron ionization–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of patients admitted to outpatient clinic for synthetic cannabinoid usage

NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake

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