Embyro Death Resulting from Adverse Environment on Spermatozoa or Ova

Ulberg, L. C.; Burfening, P. J.

doi:10.2527/jas1967.263571x

Cited by 107 publications

(46 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Combining the data for the mTHI, conception rates and vaginal temperatures, when mTHI reached >80, the vaginal temperature increased 0.6 to 38.7 C, and the conception rate was calculated to decrease 11.6 to 40.5%. Ulberg and Burfening [29] observed a reduction in the pregnancy rate of approximately 25% for every 1 C elevation in rectal temperature, and these models were almost the same as those of the present study.In this study, in the relationship between the amTHI for each period (-2 to 0, 1 to 3, and 4 to 6) from the onset of AI and the conception rates of the cows, the conception rate of the amTHI>80 from days 2 to 0 before AI group was significantly lower compared with the group that did not experience amTHI>80 at days -2 to 6. It was reported that although heat stress at the beginning of pregnancy inhibited embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage in vivo and in vitro, no inhibitory effect was observed in the development of embryos derived from later developmental stages [30,31].…”

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confidence: 88%

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Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

et al. 2011

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Abstract. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the temperature-humidity index (THI) and the conception rate of lactating dairy cows in southwestern Japan, one of the hottest areas of the country. We also investigated the relationship between measurement of the vaginal temperature of lactating dairy cows as their core body temperature at one-hour intervals for 25 consecutive days in hot (August-September, n=6) and cool (JanuaryFebruary, n=5) periods and their THI. Furthermore, we discussed the above relationship using these vaginal temperatures, the conception rates and the THI. As a result, when the conception rates from day 2 to 0 before AI were classified into day 2, 1 and 0 groups by the six maximum THI values in each group (mTHI; <61,(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80) >80), only the conception rate for the mTHI over 80 at 1 day before AI group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the other groups. The conception rate for days 15 to 17, but not days 19 to 22 and 30 to 35, after AI in the cows that experienced average mTHI over 80 (amTHI>80) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the cows that did not experience amTHI>80. There was a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between the mTHI and the mean daily vaginal temperature, but not during the cool period. When the mTHI reached 69, the vaginal temperature started to increase. As for the relationship between the conception rates and vaginal temperatures for all mTHI classes, in the mTHI>80 at 1 day before AI group, the vaginal temperature increased by 0.6 C from 38.7 C, resulting in a reduction of 11.6% in the conception rate from 40.5%. In conclusion, these results suggest that one of the causes of the fall in conception rate of lactating dairy cows during the summer season in southwestern Japan may be an increase in their core body temperature with a higher mTHI than the critical mTHI of 69 at 1 day before AI. Key words: Conception rate, Lactating dairy cow, Temperature-humidity index (THI), Vaginal temperature (J. Reprod. Dev. 57: [450][451][452][453][454][455][456] 2011) eat stress is any combination of environmental parameters producing conditions that are higher than the temperature range of an animal's thermal neutral zone [1]. Heat stress can have major effects on most aspects of reproductive function in mammals. These include disruptions in spermatogenesis and oocyte development, oocyte maturation, early embryonic development, fetal and placental growth and lactation [2]. For lactating dairy cows, heat stress during the summer season suppresses the conception rate compared with other seasons [3]. This has been observed clearly in higher milk-producing dairy cows [3][4][5][6]. As the average production per cow has drastically increased [7,8] (doubled over the last two decades), the metabolic heat output per animal has increased substantially, rendering animals more susceptible to heat stress [9][10][11][12]. Consequently, the trend in the decline in the reproductive...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

supporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

et al. 2011

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“…The oocyte and early cleavage stage embryo are the most sensitive to heat stress, while embryos that are 3 d or older are more tolerant [26,29]. Conception rates decline from 61 to 45% when rectal temperature 12 h, post breeding, increased by 1C [68]. Furthermore, cattle with a rectal temperature of 40C, as a result of exposure to 32.2 C ambient temperatures for 72 h after inseminating, had conception rates of 0%, compared with a conception rate of 48% when rectal temperature was 38.5C, for cows in an ambient temperature of 21.1 C [68].…”

Section: Effect Of Evaporative Cooling System On Embryonic Developmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviating Heat Stress Leads to Improved Cow Reproductive Performance

Suadsong¹

2012

Milk Production - An Up-to-Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health

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“…57: [481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490][491] 2011) griculturally-important females exposed to environmental heat stress experience reduced fertility [1][2][3][4]. In cattle, this is largely due to hyperthermia [5][6][7] whereby rectal temperatures may reach or exceed 41 C [5,[8][9][10][11][12]. Effects of environmental heat stress to reduce female fertility are pronounced during or near estrus [13][14][15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Heat Stress Exposure During Meiotic Maturation on Oocyte, Surrounding Cumulus Cell, and Embryo RNA Populations

et al. 2011

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Abstract. To determine if reductions in developmental competence related to heat stress exposure were correlated with perturbations in certain RNA populations, poly(A) RNA, total RNA, RNA size distribution, and the abundance of transcripts (cyclin B1, GDF9, BMP15, poly(A) polymerase, HSP70, 18S & 28S rRNA) were examined in oocytes matured at 38.5 or 41 C. Performing in vitro fertilization resulted in embryos for examining RNA. Relative to germinal vesiclestage oocytes, total amount of poly(A) RNA decreased similarly in oocytes matured at 38.5 or 41 C. Total RNA did not change during meiotic maturation or up through the 4 to 8-cell stage of embryonic development. Blastocyst-stage embryos had more total RNA; those originating from heat-stressed oocytes had more than those from nonheat-stressed oocytes. Oocytes and 4 to 8-cell embryos had similar RIN values and ratios for rRNA, 18S/fast region, and 18S/inter region. Values obtained for blastocyst-stage embryos were similar to those obtained for cumulus cell RNA, which did not change during maturation. Culture at 41 C for the first 12 h of meiotic maturation had no impact on RNA size distribution or transcripts examined from oocytes, surrounding cumulus or resultant 4 to 8-cell embryos. Interestingly, however, RNA from blastocysts originating from heat-stressed oocytes had lower 18S/fast region and 18S/inter region ratios compared to other developmental stages and cumulus cells. Although biological significance of these RNA changes is unclear, differences at the molecular level in embryos from heat-stressed oocytes emphasize the importance of minimizing stress exposure during meiotic maturation, if the intent is to obtain developmentally-competent embryos. Key words: Cumulus, Heat stress, Microcapillary electrophoresis, Oocyte, RNA (J. Reprod. Dev. 57: [481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490][491] 2011) griculturally-important females exposed to environmental heat stress experience reduced fertility [1][2][3][4]. In cattle, this is largely due to hyperthermia [5][6][7] whereby rectal temperatures may reach or exceed 41 C [5,[8][9][10][11][12]. Effects of environmental heat stress to reduce female fertility are pronounced during or near estrus [13][14][15]. This corresponds to the time period when the female is receptive to mating and the oocyte within the Graafian follicle resumes meiosis and progresses to metaphase II (MII; meiotic maturation) in preparation for fertilization. Hyperthermia during this time has been associated with reductions in early embryonic development [16] and increases in embryonic loss near the time of placental attachment [17].The negative impact of hyperthermia during estrus may be attributable to indirect effects on the maternal environment [reviewed by 18] and/or due to direct effects on the cumulus-oocyte complex. Direct exposure of the cumulus-oocyte complex to 41 C during meiotic maturation reduces early embryo development after fertilization by 30 to 65% [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] similar to consequences observed when e...

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Embyro Death Resulting from Adverse Environment on Spermatozoa or Ova

Cited by 107 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

Alleviating Heat Stress Leads to Improved Cow Reproductive Performance

Impact of Heat Stress Exposure During Meiotic Maturation on Oocyte, Surrounding Cumulus Cell, and Embryo RNA Populations

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