Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in unhatched fertile eggs from hens fed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Cecil, Helene C.; Bitman, Joel; Lillie, Robert J.; Fries, George F.; Verrett, Jacqueline

doi:10.1007/bf01685002

Cited by 73 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These considerations suggest that maternal toxicity is not required for the teratogenic effect. Demonstration ofteratogenic effects in birds after either maternal (55) or in ovo (56) treatment is consistent this suggestion.…”

Section: Identification Of Noaels: Sensitive End Pointssupporting

confidence: 79%

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

Golub¹,

Donald²,

Reyes³

1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

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This paper reviews the developmental/reproductive toxicity ofcommercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures in anhnals and reports on the "no-observable-adverse-effect levels" (NOAEI) and "lowest-observable-adverse-effect levels" (LOAELs) fromthese Identc nof the lwest effective doses for reproductive toxicity of PCB mixtures is diffiult becas avariety of roductive and _o effects have been reported in several species using different commercial mixtures. Factors to be considered include sensitiv of the end point, sensitivity of species, study quality, biological plausibility, and relevance to humans. End points affected at the lowest doses (sensitive end points) included postnatal groWth, dedopment, and functio Among species for whom seniiv end points have been evaluated, a LOAEL of0.25 mg/kg/day was identified for rodents on the basis ofdevelopmentl delas in growth and behavioral hfncon, and a LOEL of&MO mg/kday was identified for nonhuman at based on tal skin hyperpgmentation. NOELs were not identifiable for these sensitive end points because effects were reported at the lowest doses tested.

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Section: Identification Of Noaels: Sensitive End Pointssupporting

confidence: 79%

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

Golub¹,

Donald²,

Reyes³

1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Aroclor 1242 caused the greatest mortality during pentobarbital anesthesia in quail . We also found Aroclor 1242 to be more embryotoxic when fed to White Leghorn hens (Lillie et al 1974a, 1975, Cecil et al 1974, although it was not embryotoxic when fed to Japanese quaff (Cecil et al 1974). The increase in hepatic metabolizing enzymes caused by Aroclor 1254 and 1260 may be the mechanism through which the bird reduces PCB toxicity and ensures survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Liver mixed function oxidases in chickens: Induction by polychlorinated biphenyls and lack of induction by DDT

Cecil

Harris

Bitman

1978

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Microsomal hydroxylase and demethylase activities were compared in livers from White Leghorn cockerels fed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) containing 21 to 68% chlorine, or p,p'-DDT. The higher chlorinated PCBs, Aroclor 1254 and 1268, were potent inducers of hepatic enzyme activity while DDT did not induce these enzymes. Aroclor 1254 was the most potent inducer because feeding 5 ppm increased liver aminopyrine demethylase activity 1.5X but did not affect liver weight. Feeding 50 and 500 ppm of Aroclor 1254 and 1268 increased liver weight and demethylase activity per mg of protein. A differential response in the two enzymes occurred. Only 500 ppm of Aroclor 1268 increased hydroxylase activity. Aroclor 1242 had no effect on liver enzyme concentration but 50 and 500 ppm of Aroclor 1242 increased liver weights and consequently increased total enzyme activity. Our data demonstrated that in the avian species DDT and PCB did not have the same effect on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity.

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“…The reproductive success of cormorant species under the influence of PCBs has not been studied experimentally. For chicken however, a level of 20 ,ug kg ' of total PCB in the diet has been shown to lead to complete hatching failure, with residue levels in eggs of between 3 and 14 pg kg-' (Cecil et al, 1974). For the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria), reproduction was reduced by an amount of 10 pg kg ' in the diet leading to a mean PCB residue of 16 pg kg-' in the eggs (Peakall & Peakall, 1973).…”

Section: Increased Mortality Of Embryos and Chicksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced breeding success of Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in relation to persistent organochlorine pollution of aquatic habitats in The Netherlands

Dirksen¹,

Boudewijn²,

Slager³

et al. 1995

Environmental Pollution

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Reduced breeding success of cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in relation to persistent organochlorine pollution of aquatic habitats in the netherlands. Dirksen, S.; Boudewijn, T.J.; Slager, L.K.; Mes, R.G.; van Schaick, M.J.M.; de Voogt, W.P. Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

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Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in unhatched fertile eggs from hens fed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

Liver mixed function oxidases in chickens: Induction by polychlorinated biphenyls and lack of induction by DDT

Reduced breeding success of Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in relation to persistent organochlorine pollution of aquatic habitats in The Netherlands

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