Embryos produced from fertilization with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-infected semen and the risk of disease transmission to embryo transfer (ET) recipients and offspring

Bielański, A.; Algire, J.; Lalonde, A.; Garceac, A.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.04.028

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A mouse model has been reported for TGT of West Nile virus (Burke et al, 2004), Japanese encephalitis virus has been transmitted to sows by artificial insemination (Habu et al, 1977), and naturally occurring TGT is seen with pestiviral flaviviruses including border disease virus in sheep (Braun et al, 2015), bovine viral diarrhea virus (Bielanski et al, 2013), and classical swine fever virus (Floegel et al, 2000). A recent study demonstrated vaginal ZIKV replication in C57BL/6 mice and TGT in mice with interferon (IFN) pathway mutations (Yockey et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model of Zika Virus Sexual Transmission and Vaginal Viral Replication

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY Case reports of Zika virus (ZIKV) sexual transmission and genital persistence are mounting. Venereal transmission and genital persistence threaten public health within and beyond the range of ZIKVs’ mosquito vectors. In this study, we administered ZIKV into vaginas of AG129 mice and LysMCre+IFNARfl/fl C57BL/6 mice after hormonal treatments. Mice infected during estrus-like phase were resistant to vaginal infection. In contrast when infected during diestrus-like phase, AG129 mice succumbed to infection, whereas LysMCre+IFNARfl/fl mice experienced transient illness. Patency of transgenital transmission (TGT) in diestrus-like mice was demonstrated by detection of viremia and ZIKV replication in spleen and brain, and viral RNA persisted in vaginal washes as late as 10 days post infection. In these lethal and sublethal mouse models, this study indicates that intravaginal deposition of ZIKV can cause TGT, hormonal changes in the female reproductive tract (FRT) influence transmission, and ZIKV replication persists in the FRT for several days.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model of Zika Virus Sexual Transmission and Vaginal Viral Replication

et al. 2016

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“…Bielanski et al reported that when unwashed in vivo produced embryos positive for BHV‐1 were transferred to seronegative cows, poor pregnancy rates and seroconversion resulted (Bielanski, Algire, Lalonde, & Garceac, ). In another experiment, the same authors found that if BVDV‐infected embryos were washed according to the IETS disinfection protocol prior to transfer, they did not trigger seroconversion in either the cows or their offspring (Bielanski, Algire, Lalonde, & Garceac, ). Wrathall (Wrathall et al., ), quoting Bielanski (Bielanski et al., ), concluded that while the use of BLV‐infected semen in IVEP could result in infected embryos, the likelihood of transmission of BLV to recipients was very small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of using frozen–thawed bovine semen contaminated with lumpy skin disease virus on in vitro embryo production

Annandale

Smuts

Ebersohn

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an important transboundary animal disease of cattle with significant economic impact because of the implications for international trade in live animals and animal products. LSD is caused by a Capripoxvirus, LSD virus (LSDV), and results in extensive hide and udder damage, fever and pneumonia. LSDV can be shed in semen of infected bulls for prolonged periods and transmitted venereally to cows at high doses. This study examined the effects of LSDV in frozen‐thawed semen on in vitro embryo production parameters, including viral status of media and resulting embryos. Bovine oocytes were harvested from abattoir‐collected ovaries and split into three experimental groups. After maturation, the oocytes were fertilized in vitro with frozen‐thawed semen spiked with a high (HD) or a lower (LD) dose of LSDV, or with LSDV‐free semen (control). Following day 7 and day 8 blastocyst evaluation, PCR and virus isolation were performed on all embryonic structures. After completing sufficient replicates to reach 1,000 inseminated oocytes, further in vitro fertilization (IVF) runs were performed to provide material for electron microscopy (EM) and embryo washing procedures. Overall, in vitro embryo yield was significantly reduced by the presence of LSDV in frozen‐thawed semen, irrespective of viral dose. When semen with a lower viral dose was used, significantly lower oocyte cleavage rates were observed. LSDV could be detected in fertilization media and all embryo structures, when higher doses of LSDV were present in the frozen‐thawed semen used for IVF. Electron microscopy demonstrated LSDV virions inside blastocysts. Following the International Embryo Transfer Society washing procedure resulted in embryos free of viral DNA; however, this may be attributable to a sampling dilution effect and should be interpreted with caution. Further research is required to better quantify the risk of LSDV transmission via assisted reproductive procedures.

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“…The uterine endometrium is also recognized as a major site for BVDV infection [17,29]. BVDV was found in the uterus 7-16 d after infecting heifers with BVDV by either intravenous inoculation or by breeding to a PI bull [14,35], while ncp BVDV was isolated from uterocervical mucus 24 d after initial infection [22]. BVDV antigen was also detected in macrophage-like cells of the endometrium in 23% of 65 cows examined in a slaughterhouse survey [36].…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BVDV-3 (Hobi-like virus) reduced both cleavage and blastocyst rates, so would be expected to cause preimplantation embryo loss in vivo. Bielanski et al [35] used semen from a PI bull on superovulated cows, collected day 7 embryos, and transferred washed embryos to clean recipients. Although BVDV was detected in the pre-transfer embryos, it did not infect the new host.…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tMany viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes.

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Embryos produced from fertilization with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-infected semen and the risk of disease transmission to embryo transfer (ET) recipients and offspring

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

A Mouse Model of Zika Virus Sexual Transmission and Vaginal Viral Replication

A Mouse Model of Zika Virus Sexual Transmission and Vaginal Viral Replication

Effect of using frozen–thawed bovine semen contaminated with lumpy skin disease virus on in vitro embryo production

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

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