Embryonic Viability and Metabolism in Turkey Lines Selected for Egg Production or Growth

Christensen, V. L.; Donaldson, W. E.; Nestor, KE

doi:10.3382/ps.0720829

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The increase was linear for fertility but quadratic for hatch of fertile eggs. In a single-generation study, Christensen et al (1993) observed no differences in fertility and hatchability between Lines RBCl and E. The difference in fertility in the present study between the E and RBCl lines was relatively large (5.9%) but not significant. iRBCl, RBC2, RBC3 = randombred control populations; E = subline of RBCl selected for increased egg production; F = subline of RBC2 selected for increased 16-wk body weight; and FL = subline of F selected for increased shank width.…”

Section: Line Comparisonscontrasting

confidence: 77%

Influence of Selection for Increased Egg Production, Body Weight, and Shank Width of Turkeys on Egg Composition and the Relationship of the Egg Traits to Hatchability

Nestor

Noble

1995

Poultry Science

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Egg traits, mature BW, fertility, and hatch of fertile eggs were measured in lines of turkeys selected for increased egg production, increased 16-wk BW, and increased shank width and in corresponding randombred controls to determine the effects of selection. Genetic increases in egg production were associated with decreased mature BW and egg weight with no change in fertility or hatchability. The decrease in egg weight was associated with a proportional decrease in the albumen, shell, and yolk. Genetic increases in BW were associated with increased mature BW and egg weight and decreased fertility and hatch of fertile eggs. The increase in egg weight was primarily due to an increase in albumen. Selection for increased shank width had little influence on egg traits. Fertility and hatch of fertile eggs were correlated. Hatch of fertile eggs was positively correlated (after the effects of line were removed) with absolute and percentage shell and percentage yolk and negatively correlated with percentage albumen. The regression coefficients of egg weight on mature BW differed between lines, with the relationship being larger in smaller lines.

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Section: Line Comparisonscontrasting

confidence: 77%

Influence of Selection for Increased Egg Production, Body Weight, and Shank Width of Turkeys on Egg Composition and the Relationship of the Egg Traits to Hatchability

Nestor

Noble

1995

Poultry Science

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“…The ACRB eggs lost the average ideal egg weight loss of 12% at 18 d of incubation (Tullett, 1981). Studies have found that decreased moisture loss and conductance coincides with higher late embryonic mortality in turkeys (Christensen and McCorkle, 1982;Christensen et al, 1993;Christensen and Nestor, 1994); however, both chicken strains in the present study had equivalent embryonic mortality despite the lower calculated conductance of the Cobb 500 eggs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Egg characteristics and hatch performance of Athens Canadian Random Bred 1955 meat-type chickens and 2013 Cobb 500 broilers

2014

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Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) chickens, a 1955 meat-type control strain, were incubated with the 2013 Cobb 500 broiler to determine differences in egg composition, conductance values, incubation duration, hatch performance, and yolk utilization. Unincubated ACRB eggs had greater percentage solids than Cobb 500 eggs. The ACRB eggs had a greater solid portion as yolk, whereas the Cobb 500 devoted more solid percentage to albumen. Percentage shell was not different between the strains, but ACRB eggs had 2.7% greater percentage moisture loss after 18 d of incubation than Cobb 500 eggs. Conductance, conductance constant, and conductance standardized to a 100 g egg weight basis were all higher for ACRB eggs than Cobb 500 eggs at 12 and 18 d of incubation. The Cobb 500 chicks hatched 6 h earlier than ACRB chicks. The Cobb 500 incubation duration was 498 h, and the ACRB incubation duration was 504 h. There was no difference between the strains for percentage infertile eggs, embryonic mortality, hatchability, or salable chicks. The ACRB chicks hatched with a smaller dried residual yolk sac as a percentage of chick weight compared with the Cobb 500. Both strains had an average relative yolk-free chick weight of 61% of average initial egg weight. Thus the Cobb 500 eggs had decreased gas exchange across the eggshell, which may have contributed to the earlier hatch and decreased yolk utilization. Modern Cobb 500 broiler embryonic metabolism appears to have either become more dependent on albumen rather than yolk or has become more efficient with yolk reserves during development. Broiler hatch performance does not appear to have changed over the past 58 yr.

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“…Various studies have shown that high EST (Romanoff, 1936;French, 2000;Lourens et al, 2005) or low O 2 (Onagbesan et al, 2007) during incubation reduces hatchability, but the interaction between these 2 factors has not been previously assessed. First, the reduced hatchability at high EST and low O 2 might be related to a difference in nutrient mobilization and utilization during incubation, resulting in decreased availability of nutrients (e.g., glycogen) for the energy-demanding hatching process (Beattie, 1964;Christensen et al, 1993). Second, embryos at high EST and low O 2 had the lowest YFB mass and tended to have the highest residual yolk weight.…”

Section: Est × O 2 Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although the consequences of suboptimal incubation on survival rate and embryonic development are evident, the underlying effects on nutrient utilization and body composition have not been assessed. Nutrient utilization for embryonic growth under different incubation conditions during the prenatal and early postnatal period may explain differences in hatchability, embryonic development, and metabolism (Christensen et al, 1993;Leksrisompong et al, 2007;Lourens et al, 2007). Therefore, this study assessed the effects of 2 EST and 3 O 2 concentrations on the survival rate and nutrient utilization for growth in chicken embryos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of eggshell temperature and oxygen concentration on survival rate and nutrient utilization in chicken embryos

Molenaar¹,

Meíjerhof²,

Anker

et al. 2010

Poultry Science

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Environmental conditions during incubation such as temperature and O(2) concentration affect embryo development that may be associated with modifications in nutrient partitioning. Additionally, prenatal conditions can affect postnatal nutrient utilization. Using broiler chicken embryos, we studied the effects of eggshell temperature (EST; 37.8 or 38.9 degrees C) and O(2) (17, 21, or 25%) applied from d 7 until 19 of incubation in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Effects of these factors on embryonic survival, development, and nutrient utilization were assessed in the pre- and posthatch period. High EST reduced yolk-free body mass compared with normal EST (36.1 vs. 37.7 g), possibly through reduced incubation duration (479 vs. 487 h) and lower efficiency of protein utilization for growth (83.6 vs. 86.8%). Increasing O(2) increased yolk-free body mass (from 35.7 to 38.3 g) at 12 h after emergence from the eggshell, but differences were larger between the low and normal O(2) than between the normal and high O(2). This might be due to the lower efficiency of nutrient utilization for growth at low O(2). However, the effects of O(2) that were found at 12 h were less pronounced at 48 h posthatch. When O(2) was shifted to 21% for all treatments at d 19 of incubation, embryos incubated at low O(2) used nutrients more efficiently than those incubated at normal or high O(2). An additional negative effect on survival and chick development occurred when embryos were exposed to a combination of high EST and low O(2). Possible explanations include reduced nutrient availability for hatching, decreased body development to fulfill the energy-demanding hatching process, and higher incidence of malpositions. In conclusion, EST and O(2) during incubation affect nutrient utilization for growth, which may explain differences in survival and development. Embryos raised under suboptimal environmental conditions in the prenatal period may develop adaptive mechanisms that still continue in the posthatch period.

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Embryonic Viability and Metabolism in Turkey Lines Selected for Egg Production or Growth

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Influence of Selection for Increased Egg Production, Body Weight, and Shank Width of Turkeys on Egg Composition and the Relationship of the Egg Traits to Hatchability

Influence of Selection for Increased Egg Production, Body Weight, and Shank Width of Turkeys on Egg Composition and the Relationship of the Egg Traits to Hatchability

Egg characteristics and hatch performance of Athens Canadian Random Bred 1955 meat-type chickens and 2013 Cobb 500 broilers

Effect of eggshell temperature and oxygen concentration on survival rate and nutrient utilization in chicken embryos

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