Embryonic development in ballan wrasse <i>Labrus bergylta</i>

D'Arcy, J.; Dunaevskaya, Evgenia; Treasurer, James W.; Ottesen, Oddvar H.; Maguire, Julie; Zhuravleva, N. G.; Karlsen, A.; Rebours, Céline; Fitzgerald, Ross

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03337.x

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Ballan wrasse larvae were 3.64 ± 0.05 mm SL at hatching, comparable to larvae size (TL 3.9 mm) observed in an Irish study [4]. This is much larger than reported for ballan wrasse previously [12], where a standard length of 2.7 ± 0.2 mm at hatching was recorded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Development of Labrus Bergylta (Ascanius 1767) Larvae from Hatching to Metamorphosis

Ottesen¹,

Dunaevskaya²,

D'Arcy³

2012

J Aquac Res Development

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Ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Ascanius, 1767), has commercial interest as a cleaner fish in aquaculture, and culture of juveniles may be a good alternative to catching wild fish. However, basic knowledge of early development is limited. To study hatching and larvae ontogenesis, eggs were collected from a broodstock of wild caught ballan wrasse held in captivity. Larvae were fed rotifers for 27 days; Artemia was introduced at day 20 and fed larvae to day 49 after hatching. Age at hatching, and larval ontogenesis based on external morphological features were linked to the chronological age of larvae as days post hatching (DPH) and physiological age as degree day (°C.day) and standard length (SL). The ballan wrasse egg diameter was 1.05 ± 0.04 mm and 0.87 ± 0.05 mm with and without the gelatinous layer, respectively, and hatched at a SL of 3.64 ± 0.05 mm, 7 days, i.e., 72°C.day, after fertilization. The ontogeny of larvae from hatching to metamorphosis was divided into four stages. Yolk sac larva, 0 to 9 DPH (SL 4.28 ± 0.11 mm), where mouth opens and pigmentation of the eyes is seen. Dilated swim bladder is visible. Preflexion larva, 10 to 25 DPH (SL 5.35 ± 0.30 mm); yolk sac has disappeared, and initial formation of caudal fin rays occurs. Gaseous inflation of swim bladder is observed. Flexion larva, 26 to 33 DPH (SL 5.9 ± 0.78 mm), initial resorption of primordial fin fold is seen. Postflexion larva, 34 to 49 DPH (SL 10.52 ± 0.82 mm) by the end of this stage (age 686°C.day), the dorsal, anal, caudal and pelvic fins were developed. The ontogenetic development, linked to SL, chronological and physiological age, provides a baseline reference and makes it possible to compare developmental levels in future studies of ballan wrasse in culture and wild populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The eggs of ballan wrasse are spherical, about 1 mm in diameter, and hatching takes place when the larva is approximately 3 mm in length [4]. The ontogenesis of fish larvae may be divided into different stages: yolk sac, preflexion, flexion, postflexion stages and metamorphosis, based on major developmental events [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Labrus Bergylta (Ascanius 1767) Larvae from Hatching to Metamorphosis

Ottesen¹,

Dunaevskaya²,

D'Arcy³

2012

J Aquac Res Development

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“…It is a sedentary, obligate protogynous hermaphrodite species whereby dominant territorial males derive from sex-changing mature females, which typically live in harems [22]. Adhesive eggs are laid in rocky substrates and larvae are released to the plankton [23]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical gene flow constraints in a northeastern Atlantic fish: phylogeography of the ballan wrasseLabrus bergyltaacross its distribution range

et al. 2017

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The distribution and demographic patterns of marine organisms in the north Atlantic were largely shaped by climatic changes during the Pleistocene, when recurrent glacial maxima forced them to move south or to survive in northern peri-glacial refugia. These patterns were also influenced by biological and ecological factors intrinsic to each species, namely their dispersion ability. The ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta), the largest labrid fish along Europe's continental margins, is a target for fisheries and aquaculture industry. The phylogeographic pattern, population structure, potential glacial refugia and recolonization routes for this species were assessed across its full distribution range, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The existence of a marked population structure can reflect both recolonization from three distinct glacial refugia and current and past oceanographic circulation patterns. Although isolated in present times, shared haplotypes between continental and Azores populations and historical exchange of migrants in both directions point to a common origin of L. bergylta. This situation is likely to be maintained and/or accentuated by current circulation patterns in the north Atlantic, and may lead to incipient speciation in the already distinct Azorean population. Future monitoring of this species is crucial to evaluate how this species is coping with current environmental changes.

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“…Ballan wrasse are protogynous hermaphrodites that spawn benthic adhesive eggs coated with a gelatinous gum layer (D'Arcy et al 2012). Commercial hatcheries currently rely on spontaneous natural spawning with artificial spawning substrates being placed on the tank floor to focus spawning effort and aid the subsequent recovery of the adhesive eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of the adhesive gum layer surrounding naturally fertilised ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) eggs

et al. 2016

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Commercial production of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) as a cleaner fish for the removal of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) from farmed salmonids (Salmo salar) has increased due to its proven efficiency. One bottleneck in commercial hatchery production is working with the benthic adhesive eggs, which makes disinfection and incubation of eggs challenging; therefore, this study aimed to find a chemical or enzymatic treatment and process to remove the adhesive gum layer. Naturally spawned eggs were collected from artificial spawning substrates up to 24 hours post spawning from wild caught broodstock kept in captivity at the Marine Harvest, Machrihanish facility. Four treatments were tested: tannic acid (0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 %), sodium sulfite (2, 1, and 0.5 %), L-cysteine (2, and 1 %), and enzyme alcalase® (4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 %) in vitro. Eggs were exposed for 25 minutes while being continually agitated, and the proportion of "degummed" eggs was counted at the end of each time period. Enzyme alcalase® was the only treatment that proved successful in degumming eggs, with the time to complete degumming (≥ 96 %) inversely related to enzyme concentration. Complete degumming occurred between 15 and 30 minutes for all enzyme alcalase® dose rates. Mean hatch rates for eggs treated with enzyme alcalase ® were not compromised by the treatment and in the highest dose tested were actually found to be higher in treated eggs (78.9 ± 2.4 %) than controls (71.3 ± 3.3 %).The use of enzyme alcalase® has proven effective in degumming ballan wrasse eggs without affecting hatch rates. However, translation of this method to in situ degumming and thus removal of eggs from spawning substrate on farm remains to be standardised.

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Embryonic development in ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Development of Labrus Bergylta (Ascanius 1767) Larvae from Hatching to Metamorphosis

Development of Labrus Bergylta (Ascanius 1767) Larvae from Hatching to Metamorphosis

Historical gene flow constraints in a northeastern Atlantic fish: phylogeography of the ballan wrasseLabrus bergyltaacross its distribution range

Removal of the adhesive gum layer surrounding naturally fertilised ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) eggs

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