Embryonic development and the physiological factors that coordinate hatching in domestic chickens

Tong, Qin; Romanini, Carlos Eduardo Bites; Exadaktylos, Vasileios; Bahr, Claudia; Berckmans, Daniël; Bergoug, Hakim; Eterradossi, Nicolas; Roulston, N.; Verhelst, Roderick; McGonnell, Imelda M.; Demmers, T. G. M.

doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02509

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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Section: Effect Of Embryo Thermal Stimulation On the Serum Levels Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, corticosterone is also a critical endogenous factor affecting overall embryo metabolism and behavior (Tong et al, 2013). According to Quinteiro-Filho et al (2010) and Tong et al (2013), high corticosterone levels reduce yolk sac absorption rate as well as the weight of bursa, thymus, and spleen, predisposing to lower immunity. Rodricks et al (2006) reported that glucocorticoids are essential for energy metabolism, and regulate several neurotransmitter receptors in broilers, and showed that a sharp increase in embryo corticosterone levels due to hypoxia impairs chick memory at hatch.…”

Section: Effect Of Embryo Thermal Stimulation On the Serum Levels Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Embryo Thermal Stimulation on the Serum Levels of Immunoglobulins and Corticosterone, and Organ Histopathology of 1 day-old Broilers

Flores

Nääs

Garcia

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Embryo thermal stimulation has been studied as a means to promote epigenetic changes and to improve broiler health and performance. This study aimed at evaluating immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG, and IgA) titers, serum corticosterone levels, and organ integrity of day-old male Cobb ® and Ross ® broilers. Embryos were submitted to hot and cold stimuli (thermal stimulation) on days 14-18 of incubation. The thermal manipulation treatments did not affect immunoglobulin titers of 1 dayold Cobb ® or Ross ® chicks, and caused severe bursal lesions (scores 3 and 4) in both strains. However, serum corticosterone levels of Cobb ® chicks were higher when embryos were submitted to hot stimulus (+1.39ºC) compared with cold stimulus (+36 ºC). Serum corticosterone levels of Ross ® chicks were not affected by embryo temperature manipulation. The only effect of broiler breeder age was observed on IgM titers of Cobb ® chicks, which were higher in chicks from 33-wk-old breeders. Further studies are needed to detect the optimal period of embryo thermal stimulation.

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Section: Effect Of Embryo Thermal Stimulation On the Serum Levels Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Embryo Thermal Stimulation On the Serum Levels Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Embryo Thermal Stimulation on the Serum Levels of Immunoglobulins and Corticosterone, and Organ Histopathology of 1 day-old Broilers

Flores

Nääs

Garcia

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…However, within a normal batch of eggs, the time from the hatching of the first egg to the last can be as much as 36-48 hours (Tong et al, 2013;van de Ven et al, 2011). This time period is called the hatch window.…”

Section: The Hatch Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the hatching process, several endocrine axes are involved in preparing the embryo for postnatal life, as well as facilitating hatching behavior (Tong et al, 2013). Inactive thyroxine (T4) and active 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3) both start to increase on day 15 of incubation, but whereas T3 continues to slowly rise until hatch, T4 decreases after internal pipping on day 19 or 20.…”

Section: The Hatch Windowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestication and early experiences in chickens: Behavior, stress and gene expression

Løtvedt¹

2017

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A number of animal species have undergone domestication, the process of becoming adapted to living in captivity and in proximity to humans. Common for these species is that they have all developed certain traits, including changes to coat color, body size and level of fearfulness. This has been termed the domestic phenotype. Among these traits is also an attenuation of the response to stress, both behaviorally and physiologically. Thus, release of glucocorticoids such as cortisol or corticosterone is lower in domesticated species. However, the underlying mechanism for this is not yet well understood. In this thesis, we have investigated genetic mechanisms for the attenuation of the physiological stress response in ancestral chickens, the Red Junglefowl, and domesticated chickens, the White Leghorn.We found a number of genes that differed in expression between the two breeds in several tissues involved in the stress response. Among the most interesting findings were lower expression of genes involved in production and secretion of ACTH in the pituitary, and in the production of glucocorticoids in the adrenal glands, in the domesticated White Leghorns. We also found higher expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in White Leghorns, indicating that they may have a more efficient negative feedback of the physiological stress response.We then investigated the transcriptome of the chicken pituitary more closely, and we discovered that a number of genes highly involved in several important physiological axes showed differential expression between the ancestral and the domesticated breed. Among these were genes involved in the stress response, the reproductive system, and in metabolism and growth. As these traits are modified in domesticated species, our results suggest that changes to gene expression in the pituitary may be an important underlying factor of the domestic phenotype.A separate aim of this thesis was to investigate effects of hatching time in chickens on their subsequent phenotype. Time of hatching constitutes an early experience that may differ between individuals, and we therefore hypothesized that differences in hatching time would affect chickens later in life. While a number of studies have been performed on hatching time and post-hatch growth, very little work has been done on effects on behavior. We found that the time of hatching had sex-specific effects. Hatching times in females were negatively correlated with body weight, whereas in males, behaviors such as reaction to novelty and spatial learning were affected.As time of hatching is governed by various hormones, including thyroid hormone and corticosterone, we suggest that changes to the levels of these hormones could affect both hatching time and post-hatch phenotypes. Understanding these mechanisms better would be beneficial in terms of production, where batch homogeneity is important, in research on early experiences and the potential for maternal programming, and in evolutionary questions on trade-off between different life strateg...

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The Domestic Hen

Júnior

Zhang

et al. 2021

IgY-Technology: Production and Application of Egg Yolk Antibodies

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Embryonic development and the physiological factors that coordinate hatching in domestic chickens

Cited by 76 publications

References 78 publications

Effect of Embryo Thermal Stimulation on the Serum Levels of Immunoglobulins and Corticosterone, and Organ Histopathology of 1 day-old Broilers

Effect of Embryo Thermal Stimulation on the Serum Levels of Immunoglobulins and Corticosterone, and Organ Histopathology of 1 day-old Broilers

Domestication and early experiences in chickens: Behavior, stress and gene expression

The Domestic Hen

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