Embryogenesis of the rabbit retina

Greiner, Jack V.; Weidman, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(82)80035-3

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It seems that these transitions are correlated with the onset of bipolar cell synaptogenesis in the IPL (McArdle et al, 1977;Greiner and Weidman, 1982;Stone et al, 1985).…”

Section: Coordinated Transitions In Neurotransmitter Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mature vertebrate retina, the only glutamatergic input to the inner plexiform layer (IPL) is from bipolar cells that form ribbon synapses (Dowling, 1987). Because bipolar cells differentiate much later than do ganglion and amacrine cells (Greiner and Weidman, 1982;Stone et al, 1985), synaptic interaction in the IPL during early retinal waves is thought to be mediated only by conventional synapses among amacrine and ganglion cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coordinated Transitions in Neurotransmitter Systems for the Initiation and Propagation of Spontaneous Retinal Waves

2000

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Spontaneous waves of excitation in the developing mammalian retina are mediated, to a large extent, by neurotransmission. However, it is unclear how the underlying neurotransmitter systems interact with each other to play specific roles in the formation of retinal waves at various developmental stages. In particular, it is puzzling why the waves maintain a similar propagation pattern even after underlying neurotransmitter systems have undergone drastic developmental changes. Using Ca 2ϩ imaging and patch clamp in a whole-mount preparation of the developing rabbit retina, we discovered two dramatic and coordinated transitions in the excitatory drive for retinal waves: one from a nicotinic to a muscarinic system, and the other from a fast cholinergic to a fast glutamatergic input. Retinal waves before the age of postnatal day 1 (P1) were blocked by nicotinic antagonists, but not by muscarinic or glutamatergic antagonists. After P3, however, the spontaneous wave, whose basic spatiotemporal pattern remained similar, was completely inhibited by muscarinic or glutamate antagonists, but not by nicotinic antagonists. We also found that the muscarinic drive, mediated primarily by M1 and M3 receptors, was particularly important for wave propagation, whereas the glutamatergic drive seemed more important for local excitation. Our results suggest (1) a novel mechanism by which a neurotransmitter system changes its functional role via a switch between two completely different classes of receptors for the same transmitter, (2) the cholinergic system plays a critical role in not only early but also late spontaneous waves, and (3) the continued participation of the cholinergic system may provide a network basis for the consistency in the overall propagation pattern of spontaneous retinal waves. Key words: visual development; spontaneous retinal waves; cholinergic amacrine cells; nicotinic and muscarinic receptors; glutamate receptors; calcium imaging; patch-clamp; rabbit retinaIn the developing vertebrate retina, rhythmic excitation occurs spontaneously among ganglion and amacrine cells and propagates laterally in local domains in the form of waves (for review, see

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“…It seems that these transitions are correlated with the onset of bipolar cell synaptogenesis in the IPL (McArdle et al, 1977;Greiner and Weidman, 1982;Stone et al, 1985).…”

Section: Coordinated Transitions In Neurotransmitter Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Transitions in Neurotransmitter Systems for the Initiation and Propagation of Spontaneous Retinal Waves

2000

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“…Amacrine cells and ganglion cells are the first cell types to differentiate during development in rabbit (30,31), and displaced starburst cells in the rabbit retina already attain their adult-like dendritic morphology at birth (32). It is known that ganglion cells in the developing retina fire correlated spontaneous action potentials that are believed to play an important role in establishing precise neuronal connectivity in the visual pathway (33)(34)(35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Starburst amacrine cells change from spiking to nonspiking neurons during retinal development.

Zhou

Fain

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The membrane excitability of cholinergic (starburst) amacrine cells was studied in the rabbit retina during postnatal development. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from 110 displaced starburst cells in a thin retinal slice preparation of rabbits between postnatal days P1 and P56 old. We report that displaced starburst cells undergo a dramatic transition from spiking to nonspiking, caused by a loss of voltage-gated Na currents. This change in membrane excitability occurred just after eye opening (P10), such that all of the starburst cells tested before eye opening had conspicuous tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na currents and action potentials, but none tested after the first 3 postnatal weeks had detectable Na currents or spikes. Our results suggest that starburst cells use action potentials transiently during development and probably play a functional role in visual development. These cells then cease to spike as the retina matures, presumably consistent with their role in visual processing in the mature retina.In the vertebrate retina, synaptic transmission by most interneurons is mediated by nonspiking, graded membrane potentials (1). Action potentials so far have been found in only a relatively small population of retinal interneurons, predominantly wide-field amacrine cell types (e.g., refs. 2-10

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“…3). Most photoreceptor outer-segments appear post-natally in the normal development (Greiner & Weidman 1982). The rosette-free areas of the epiretinal transplants did not show any outer plexiform layer, even at 4 weeks postnatal age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The rosette-free areas of the epiretinal transplants did not show any outer plexiform layer, even at 4 weeks postnatal age. During normal development, the outer plexiform layer develops in the neuroblastic cell mass shortly before birth and is distinct at the time of birth (Greiner & Weidman 1982;Stone et al 1985;Sharma & Ehinger, unpublished results). Retinal layering and the photoreceptor outer segment development is completed in all parts of the retina by post-natal week 4, which is the eq uivalent age of the transplants in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of technique and transplantation site on rosette formation in rabbit retinal transplants

Sharma

Bergström

Ehinger

1997

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT. In order to determine mechanical and host-graft related interactions in the histogenesis of retinal transplants, a new technique for transplanting flat and comparatively large pieces of embryonic rabbit retina into adult rabbit eyes was elaborated. With the procedure, free-floating grafts in the epiretinal space survive, develop and differentiate largely without rosette formation, suggesting that the dissection and transplantation procedure is adequate for obtaining a normal development. On the other hand, subretinal transplants mature at an apparently faster pace than epiretinal transplants, but do not become regularly laminated. Outer segments do not develop well in the epiretinal transplants, whereas they do so in the subretinal ones, suggesting host-graft interactions by means of yet unknown diffusible factors.

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Embryogenesis of the rabbit retina

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Coordinated Transitions in Neurotransmitter Systems for the Initiation and Propagation of Spontaneous Retinal Waves

Coordinated Transitions in Neurotransmitter Systems for the Initiation and Propagation of Spontaneous Retinal Waves

Starburst amacrine cells change from spiking to nonspiking neurons during retinal development.

Influence of technique and transplantation site on rosette formation in rabbit retinal transplants

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