Embeddable Soil Moisture Content Sensor Based on Open-End Microwave Coaxial Cable Resonator

Guo, Jing; Tang, Yan; Wu, Yongji; Zhu, Chen; Huang, Jie

doi:10.1109/jsen.2023.3266665

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, a tensiometer is limited in spatial variability and has high maintenance costs, while gamma-ray and neutron probes are expensive and cannot be widely adopted because of radiation hazards [4]. Infrared remote sensing and dielectric spectroscopy [13]- [15] appear to be the most suitable alternatives. The interaction of the radiofrequency electromagnetic waves with matter is described by dielectric permittivity (Ɛ * =Ɛ ' -jƐ '' ), a complex number containing both real (Ɛ ' related to the amount of energy stored) and imaginary (Ɛ '' or loss factor, related to the loss of energy) components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Microwave Soil Moisture Detector

Iaccheri,

Berardinelli,

Tartagni

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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Monitoring the content of soil moisture is crucial in defining soil conditions and irrigation that affect agricultural efficiency. Accordingly, inexpensive and reliable devices are essential. Electromagnetism could be exploited for quantification of soil moisture, and in particular the real and imaginary part of the scattering parameter (S11). Several sensors have been developed, but some limits were encountered, such as interference due to soil constituents and a cost that is not always affordable. We developed an inexpensive cheap and rapid instrumental chain based on the response of a cavity antenna in the frequency range from 1.5 to 3 GHz. Very low-cost components were assembled and used: a miniaturized commercial vector network analyzer and a homemade cavity antenna. The antenna should be placed in contact with soil without being inserted. Tests were carried out directly in the field with a moisture content ranging from 1% to 45%. Starting from spectral variables (real and imaginary part of S11), partial least square regression models have been developed for estimation of moisture content (%). The main results show R 2 values of 0.872 with root mean square error) of 4.1% (imaginary part, segmented validation). In light of the results obtained, the user-friendly device developed can be very attractive for final users also in terms of affordability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable Microwave Soil Moisture Detector

Iaccheri,

Berardinelli,

Tartagni

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…This is because there is a correlation between VWC and crop yield . Additionally, it is a significant parameter for decomposing organic matter, nitrogen fixation, and solubilization of phosphorus . Several critical parameters contribute to achieving an optimized VWC, including soil permittivity, soil conductivity, the penetration depth of electromagnetic waves into the soil at GHz frequency, the pH value of water, and water electrical conductivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Additionally, it is a significant parameter for decomposing organic matter, nitrogen fixation, and solubilization of phosphorus. 4 Several critical parameters contribute to achieving an optimized VWC, including soil permittivity, soil conductivity, the penetration depth of electromagnetic waves into the soil at GHz frequency, the pH value of water, and water electrical conductivity. 5 Soil sensors play a vital role in precision cultivation by monitoring real-time data on temper-ature, moisture, and pH.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible and Biodegradable Graphene Oxide Antenna Sensor for Monitoring Subsoil Health

Singh,

Kandasamy,

Rahman

2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In this paper, a flexible graphene oxide-based antenna sensor is designed on the biodegradable substrate. It resonates at a frequency of 3.92 GHz. The flexible sensor is used in assessing water content in sandy loam subsoil near the Arabian Sea from the Western Ghats in India. The volumetric water content (VWC) of dry soil varies between approximately 0.06 VWC m 3 m −3 to 0.7 VWC m 3 m −3 . The antenna sensor exhibits a linearity of 92.02% and a sensitivity of 402.6 MHz/ VWC(m 3 m −3 ). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the antenna sensor are 0.75 VWC and 2.5 VWC m 3 m −3 . The sensor is beneficial for examining soil water to enhance crop productivity for precision agriculture.

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“…Ref. [6] presents a corrosion-resistant, embeddable, open-ended, coaxial cable soil moisture sensor. It utilizes a microwave resonator with two key components along the coaxial line: a metal post at the signal input end and a metal plate parallel to the open end, separated by a moisture-sensitive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%