EM Side-Channel Countermeasure for Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converters Based on Amplitude Modulation

Jevtić, Ruzica; Ylitolva, Marko; Calonge, Clara; Ojanen, Martti; Säntti, Tero; Koskinen, Lauri

doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3070687

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For mitigating electro-magnetic side-channel leakages, techniques such as on-chip clock network adjustments [62], using metal layers aided with higher-order multipoles in integrated Circuit (IC) designs [63], usage of Randomized Switching Successive Approximation Register (RS-SAR) with Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) [64] and amplitude modulation of the load signal by converter capacitance acting as a carrier in Switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converters [65] are used.…”

Section: C) Side-channel Protection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardware Security and Trust: Trends, Challenges, and Design Tools

Siriwardana

2024

IRJIET

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Hardware security in the cyber security domain had become a more of a controversial topic over the past decade due to the introduction of new design technologies in semiconductors and expansion of global supplier chains. In proportion to the technological advancement of hardware production, the success rate of the existing hardware attacks had also evolved over the time with a significantly high rate of emergence of new attacking techniques and methods. Computing hardware is becoming a more and more attractive attack surface due to several reasons. The technology of analyzing the hardware components is becoming more and more affordable and accessible to the general public than before. Also due to the influx of IoT devices in the market, trend of simplifying the design structure to decrease the power consumption and maximizing the processing speed has become the theme of modern hardware implementations rather than the security of the devices. When considering the market demand and user requirements, it is more obvious for the computer manufacturers to give priority to user requirements rather than stressing more on the security aspects of their designs and devices. But there could be some catastrophic outcomes if the security aspects of these hardware tends to fail in a critical infrastructure, because these semiconductors are used in devices ranging from simple IoT devices to more complex systems like SCADA systems. Therefore, it is always a better approach to find a balance ground between the user requirement as well as the security of the hardware, without compromising either of both in the design and development. In this article, it presents an overall insight to trends in Hardware Security domain, specifically related to modern computer hardware design and manufacturing processes, distribution, usage, their disposal and recycling. These various stages are analyzed under Three main objectives of exposing the threats to computer hardware, suggesting countermeasures to minimize or eliminate those threats and discussing about the utilization of various design tools that can assist in the way to securing these computer hardware systems in their day-to-day applications.

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Section: C) Side-channel Protection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardware Security and Trust: Trends, Challenges, and Design Tools

Siriwardana

2024

IRJIET

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“…As a result, this section provides a brief overview of EM-SCA countermeasures in the literature. Due to the serious implications of EM-SCA in retrieving data from computing systems, numerous software and hardware countermeasures have been developed [56,159,210,211,212,213]. Nassar et al [214] proposed a masking scheme for AES called Rotating S-boxes Masking (RSM).…”

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Literature Review of EM-SCA Attacks on Encryption

Zunaidi,

Sayakkara,

Scanlon

2024

Preprint

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Cryptography has become an essential tool in information security, preserving data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. However, despite rigorous analysis, cryptographic algorithms may still be susceptible to attack when used on real-world devices. Side-channel attacks (SCAs) are physical attacks that target cryptographic equipment through quantifiable phenomena such as power consumption, operational times, and EM radiation. These attacks are considered to be a significant threat to cryptography since they compromise the integrity of the algorithm by obtaining the internal cryptographic key of a device by seeing its physical implementation. The literature on SCAs has focused on real-world devices, yet with the growing popularity of sophisticated devices like smartphones, fresh approaches to SCAs are necessary. One such approach is electromagnetic side-channel analysis (EM-SCA), which gathers information by listening to electromagnetic (EM) radiation. EM-SCA has been demonstrated to recover sensitive data like encryption keys and has the potential to identify malicious software, retrieve data, and identify program activity. This study aims to evaluate how well EM-SCA compromises encryption under various application scenarios, as well as examine the role of EM-SCA in digital forensics and law enforcement. Regarding this, addressing the susceptibility of encryption algorithms to EM-SCA approaches can provide digital forensic investigators with the tools they desire to overcome the challenges posed by strong encryption, allowing them to continue playing a crucial role in law enforcement and the justice system. Furthermore, this paper seeks to define the current state of EM-SCA in terms of attacking encryption, the encryption algorithms and encrypted devices that are most vulnerable and resistant to EM-SCA, and the most promising EM-SCA on encryption approaches. This study will provide a comprehensive analysis of EM-SCA in the context of law enforcement and digital forensics and point towards potential directions for further research.

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“…The LDOs provide varying impedance between the internal supply voltage and the external supply voltage which helps in suppressing datadependent current transients. Others have explored the amplitude modulation of the load signal at the DC-DC converter capacitance to minimize information leakage [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Secure RISC-V Microprocessor

Stangherlin¹,

Sachdev²

2022

Preprint

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Secret keys can be extracted from the power consumption or electromagnetic emanations of unprotected devices. Traditional counter-measures have limited scope of protection, and impose several restrictions on how sensitive data must be manipulated. We demonstrate a bit-serial RISC-V microprocessor implementation with no plain-text data. All values are protected using Boolean masking. Software can run with little to no counter-measures, reducing code size and performance overheads. Unlike previous literature, our methodology is fully automated and can be applied to designs of arbitrary size or complexity. We also provide details on other key components such as clock randomizer, memory protection, and random number generator. The microprocessor was implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology. Its implementation was evaluated using NIST tests as well as side channel attacks. Random numbers generated with our RNG pass on all NIST tests. Side-channel analysis on the baseline implementation extracted the AES key using only 375 traces, while our secure microprocessor was able to withstand attacks using 20 M traces.

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EM Side-Channel Countermeasure for Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converters Based on Amplitude Modulation

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Hardware Security and Trust: Trends, Challenges, and Design Tools

Hardware Security and Trust: Trends, Challenges, and Design Tools

Systematic Literature Review of EM-SCA Attacks on Encryption

Design and Implementation of a Secure RISC-V Microprocessor

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