Elucidation of the Metabolite Profile of Yucca gigantea and Assessment of Its Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Abstract

The acute inflammation process is explained by numerous hypotheses, including oxidative stress, enzyme stimulation, and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory activity of Yucca gigantea methanol extract (YGME) against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and possible underlying mechanisms was investigated. The phytochemical profile, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were also explored. LC-MS/MS was utilized to investigate the chemical composition of YGME, and 29 compounds were tentatively identified. In addition, the isolation of luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin -7-O-β-d-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside was performed for the first time from the studied plant. Inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of 100 μL of 1% carrageenan sodium. Rats were treated orally with YGME 100, 200 mg/kg, celecoxib (50 mg/kg), and saline, respectively, one hour before carrageenan injection. The average volume of paws edema and weight were measured at several time intervals. Levels of NO, GSH, TNF-α, PGE-2, serum IL-1β, IL-6 were measured. In additionally, COX-2 immunostaining and histopathological examination of paw tissue were performed. YGME displayed a potent anti-inflammatory influence by reducing paws edema, PGE-2, TNF-α, NO production, serum IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2 immunostaining. Furthermore, it replenished the diminished paw GSH contents and improved the histopathological findings. The best cytotoxic effect of YGME was against human melanoma cell line (A365) and osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63). Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of the extract was evaluated against bacterial and fungal isolates. It showed potent activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and fungal Candida albicans isolates. The promoting multiple effects of YGME could be beneficial in the treatment of different ailments based on its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects.

Encephalartos villosus Lem. Displays a Strong In Vivo and In Vitro Antifungal Potential against Candida glabrata Clinical Isolates

“…The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory of EVME were consistent with prior research on the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of certain flavonoids or flavonoid glycosides, such as apigenin, kaempferol, and luteolin derivatives [ 14 , 44 , 45 ], as well as naringenin [ 37 ], daidzein [ 46 ], biflavonoid derivatives [ 19 , 37 , 47 , 48 ], and coumarin derivatives [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Cycas media R. Br Secondary Metabolites: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches

“…Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), in addition to Masson’s trichrome staining, were performed on the liver and spleen tissues and were preserved in 10% formalin of the different tested groups. Then, photos were obtained using a digital camera to investigate the in vivo antibacterial potential of SOTE [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Encephalartos laurentianus De Wild Leaf Extract Have Inhibitory Activity against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates

“…The entire wound, with a five-millimeter margin of the surrounding intact skin, was obtained from each rat at the end of the experiment for histological assessment [ 26 ]. The specimens were fixed with formalin solution (10%) and inserted into paraffin wax at 65 °C for block formation.…”