Elucidation of Phytochemical Content of Cupressus macrocarpa Leaves: In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Effect against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen that causes various infections. The increasing resistance of MRSA to different antibiotics is widely spreading; therefore, plant extracts may be novel therapeutic alternatives. The phytochemical profiling of Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon leaves in vitro, and in vivo, antimicrobial potential of its extracts against MRSA clinical isolates were explored. A phytochemical tentative identification of 49 compounds was performed in the leaves using LC-ESI-MS/MS; in addition, isolation, and structure elucidation of hesperidin and eriocitrin were achieved for the first time. The diethyl ether extract (DEEL) exhibited the best antibacterial effect with MIC values ranging from 2 to 8 µg/mL, which significantly reduced the growth and efflux activity in 48.78% and 29.26% of isolates, respectively. qRT-PCR showed a significant down expression of norA and norB genes, which significantly affected the bacterial cell morphology and had a non-significant effect on membrane depolarization (using flow cytometry). In a rat model, four groups were wounded and treated with normal saline or DEEL, or infected with MRSA, or infected and treated with DEEL. The regeneration of the epidermis, maturation of granulation tissue, and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration were observed after treatment with DEEL. Thus, C. macrocarpa leaves may be a promising source for new antimicrobials against MRSA.

Antimicrobial Activity of Brassica rapa L. Flowers Extract on Gastrointestinal Tract Infections and Antiulcer Potential Against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Supported by Metabolomics Profiling

“…Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis was conducted at the Children’s Cancer Hospital’s Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit (57357). Adopting the criteria described by Attallah et al 20 for high-performance liquid-chromatography separation, a Waters reversed-phase X select HSS T3 column (diameter 2.1 mm, length 150 mm, 2.5μ m), a precolumn (Phenomenex), and in-line filter disks (0.5μ m × 3.0 mm) were used. To identify chemicals, PeakView TM software was used to compare retention duration and m / z values obtained by MS/MS 2 .…”

“…Extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) for each targeted analyte were automatically created and compared to a user-defined threshold. 20 …”

“…The disk agar diffusion method was used for preliminary screening of the antibacterial activity of BRFE against the tested isolates 20 using ciprofloxacin as a positive control and DMSO as a negative control.…”

Histological assessment, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm activities of Dioon spinulosum extract: in vitro and in vivo approach

“…SEM was used to examine the bacterial biofilms formed on the surfaces of cover glass with (treated isolates) and without (untreated isolates) DSE (using concentrations ranging from 125 to 500 µg/ml) as described previously 36 , 37 , and examined using an S‐3400N scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Antibacterial, Immunomodulatory, and Lung Protective Effects of Boswelliadalzielii Oleoresin Ethanol Extract in Pulmonary Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

“…After allowing each biofilm-forming bacteria to grow on 2 glass slides overnight, the first glass slide was stained with crystal violet for examination by a bright field microscope according to Attallah, N.G.M et al [ 51 ]. Besides, the second glass slide was prepared according to the method mentioned in [ 52 ] for examination by SEM.…”