Elliptic Curve Lightweight Cryptography: A Survey

Lara-Nino, Carlos Andres; Díaz-Pérez, Arturo; Morales-Sandoval, Miguel

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2881444

Cited by 96 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Nowadays, there are two main public-key cipher suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS) [46], [47]: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) based cipher suites [48] that also make use of RSA as the key exchange algorithm [49], [50]; and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Exchange (ECDHE), which is based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and performs exchanges through Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman [51]. Previous papers have already demonstrated that, in general, ECC is faster [52]- [55] and more energy efficient [56]- [62] than RSA. Nonetheless, in 2015 the National Security Agency (NSA) discouraged the use of Suite B, a set of cryptographic algorithms that made use of RSA and ECC.…”

Section: Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Blockchain Technologies for an Advanced and Cyber-Resilient Automotive Industry

Fraga‐Lamas¹,

2019

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In the last century, the automotive industry has arguably transformed society, being one of the most complex, sophisticated, and technologically advanced industries, with innovations ranging from the hybrid, electric, and self-driving smart cars to the development of IoT-connected cars. Due to its complexity, it requires the involvement of many Industry 4.0 technologies, like robotics, advanced manufacturing systems, cyber-physical systems, or augmented reality. One of the latest technologies that can benefit the automotive industry is blockchain, which can enhance its data security, privacy, anonymity, traceability, accountability, integrity, robustness, transparency, trustworthiness, and authentication, as well as provide long-term sustainability and a higher operational efficiency to the whole industry. This review analyzes the great potential of applying blockchain technologies to the automotive industry emphasizing its cybersecurity features. Thus, the applicability of blockchain is evaluated after examining the state-of-the-art and devising the main stakeholders' current challenges. Furthermore, the article describes the most relevant use cases, since the broad adoption of blockchain unlocks a wide area of short-and medium-term promising automotive applications that can create new business models and even disrupt the car-sharing economy as we know it. Finally, after strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis, some recommendations are enumerated with the aim of guiding researchers and companies in future cyber-resilient automotive industry developments.

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Section: Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Blockchain Technologies for an Advanced and Cyber-Resilient Automotive Industry

Fraga‐Lamas¹,

2019

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“…ECC implemented in a small chip can provide high-speed data encryption and decryption facilities. In addition, it prevents unauthorized devices from gaining access to wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by providing a key agreement protocol for the wireless sensor nodes connected to the IoT infrastructures in the networks [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. An elliptic curve cryptosystem would be one of the best candidates to meet the privacy and security challenges emerged in radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of High-Performance ECC Processor with Unified Point Addition on Twisted Edwards Curve

Islam

Hossain

Hasan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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With the swift evolution of wireless technologies, the demand for the Internet of Things (IoT) security is rising immensely. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) provides an attractive solution to fulfill this demand. In recent years, Edwards curves have gained widespread acceptance in digital signatures and ECC due to their faster group operations and higher resistance against side-channel attacks (SCAs) than that of the Weierstrass form of elliptic curves. In this paper, we propose a high-speed, low-area, simple power analysis (SPA)-resistant field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of ECC processor with unified point addition on a twisted Edwards curve, namely Edwards25519. Efficient hardware architectures for modular multiplication, modular inversion, unified point addition, and elliptic curve point multiplication (ECPM) are proposed. To reduce the computational complexity of ECPM, the ECPM scheme is designed in projective coordinates instead of affine coordinates. The proposed ECC processor performs 256-bit point multiplication over a prime field in 198,715 clock cycles and takes 1.9 ms with a throughput of 134.5 kbps, occupying only 6543 slices on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA platform. It supports high-speed public-key generation using fewer hardware resources without compromising the security level, which is a challenging requirement for IoT security.

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“…This paper presents an efficient interleaved modular multiplication algorithm along with its hardware design and implementations over GF(p) for lightweight, reconfigurable ECC processors [16], where primes p are National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST)-recommended [17], [18]. The values of p are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-Time Efficient Hardware Implementation of Modular Multiplication for Elliptic Curve Cryptography

et al. 2020

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In this paper, an area-time efficient hardware implementation of modular multiplication over five National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST)-recommended prime fields is proposed for lightweight elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). A modified radix-2 interleaved algorithm is proposed to reduce the time complexity of conventional interleaved modular multiplication. The proposed multiplication algorithm is designed in hardware and separately implemented on Xilinx Virtex-7, Virtex-6, Virtex-5, and Virtex-4 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms. On the Virtex-7 FPGA, the proposed design

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Elliptic Curve Lightweight Cryptography: A Survey

Cited by 96 publications

References 82 publications

A Review on Blockchain Technologies for an Advanced and Cyber-Resilient Automotive Industry

A Review on Blockchain Technologies for an Advanced and Cyber-Resilient Automotive Industry

Design and Implementation of High-Performance ECC Processor with Unified Point Addition on Twisted Edwards Curve

Area-Time Efficient Hardware Implementation of Modular Multiplication for Elliptic Curve Cryptography

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