Ellagic Acid Identified through Metabolomic Analysis Is an Active Metabolite in Strawberry (‘Seolhyang’) Regulating Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

Abstract

This study employed the metabolomic approach to identify the key constituent exerting anti-inflammatory activity in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among the six different fractions (SF1-SF6) of the strawberry 'Seolhyang', SF4 showed more significant inhibition on iNOS expression than SF3, and ellagic acid was determined as the most significant different component between SF4 and SF3 using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Ellagic acid (0.3 and 1.0 μM) and SF4 (100 μg/mL) were found to regulate the same inflammatory mediators, inhibitory κB (IκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which led to the reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and iNOS expressions. These results demonstrate that ellagic acid from strawberry 'Seolhyang' is the major component playing a crucial role in inflammation, suggesting the possible application of metabolomic analysis to determining the key ingredients having biological functions in the complicated food matrix.

The Effects of Black Mulberry Supplementation on Plasma Interleukin-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Response to One Session Basketball Training in Female Basketball Players

“…It has been pointed out that berry anthocyanins demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects through different pathways including inhibition of NF-κB pathway and activator protein activation which in part results in a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (39,40). In the current study, BM could not completely prevent IL-6 and TNF-α release.…”

Probiotic and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 4B15 and Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 isolated from infant feces

“…Evaluation of the concentration of the cytokines released (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in the supernatants of the RAW 264.7 cell culture was carried out with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA MAX Deluxe Set) (Biolegend Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Additionally, mRNA expressions of above four genes were determined with quantitative real-time PCR by following the method described by Lee et al [ 19 ].…”

Protective Effect of Strawberry Extract against Inflammatory Stress Induced in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

“…Focusing on fruits, in recent decades, specific subgroups of fruits have been taken into account, to facilitate the observation and promote their specific health benefits [ 13 ]. Among these, the strawberry represents a relevant source of folate, is rich in vitamin C and contains various phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, which confer to this berry antioxidant, anticancer, anti-neurodegenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, as indicated in recent in vitro and in vivo studies [ 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In this context, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of methanolic extracts from “Alba” strawberry cultivar on the inflammatory status induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cell line.…”