Elixirs of Life, threats to Human and Environmental Well-being: Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Raw Meat Sold Within Central Market Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Antibiotics, which are commonly used to treat human illnesses, are also used in animals for therapy, prophylaxis, and growth promotion. Sub-therapeutic antibiotic doses have typically been utilized for the last-mentioned purpose, which has contributed to resistance development. According to scientific data, certain antibiotic applications in food-producing animals can result in antibiotic resistance in intestinal bacteria, which can then be passed to the general population, causing treatment-resistant sickness. These antibiotic applications can also result in antibiotic resistance in non-pathogenic bacteria, whose resistance genes can be passed to disease-causing bacteria, resulting in antibiotic-resistant illnesses in people. Thus, this study assessed the antibiotics residues in raw meat sold in 6 slaughter houses in Kaduna State. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 6 slaughter houses in Central market Kaduna. Muscle, Kidney and liver samples were collected from each slaughterhouse. The antibiotic residues in the meat samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline residue results were presented in charts and tables. 18 different samples of beef (6 Muscles, 6 Liver and 6 Kidney) collected from abattoirs and meat vendors, the results shown that all beefs use three or more antimicrobial drugs. This research result revealed that 4(67%) tetracycline (oxytetracycline)were detected in meat samples at higher concentration), Oxytetraxycline (352.88, 221.58) of muscles is higher than (332.2, 217.05 of Liver and (263.33, 153.98) of Kidney is lower to muscles and liver. The Concentration of oxytetracycline were highest in muscles in samples 2. 3 and 6 which is above the WHO maximum residual limit. The concentration of streptomycin in the muscle, liver and kidney were detected (182.78, 56.23), (169.2, 58.39), (155.1, 50.20) but were within WHO Maximum residual limit. These high level of oxytetracycline residues in greater proportion of muscle samples destined for human consumption beyond MRLs could be as a result of the abuse of veterinary drugs as commonly practiced among livestock producers and vendors without observing withdrawal period prior to slaughter. The high-contamination rate of beef meat in the study areas is likely that consumers experience a high risk of exposure to drug residues.

Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Ready to Eat Food Served in Ships Along Warri, Koko and Port Harcourt Water Ways, Nigeria

“…The world we lived in today is highly mobile, interdependent, and interconnected, giving tremendous opportunities for diseases to spread rapidly [12,13,14,15,20]. Besides, the public has been focusing on new health events caused by microbiological, toxic metals concentration and sudden environmental changes in the recent past [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. Thus, this study revealed that the bacteria load was highest in salad and lowest microbial load in fried fish.…”

Comprehensive Understanding of Hydrogeochemical evaluation of seasonal variability in groundwater quality Dynamics in the Gold Mining Areas of Osun State, Nigeria

“…They are extremely carcinogenic and can result in skin, bladder, liver, and lung cancer. Arsenic exposure in humans occurs through the air, food, and water [7,[107][108][109][110]. One of the main contributors to arsenic toxicity in more than 30 nations throughout the world is drinking water [111].…”

Time for Action: Assessment of Knowledge on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points of Food Handlers in Standard Hotels in Lagos State, Nigeria

“…Food has an important role in society through affecting people’s lifestyles, health, and habits, as well as being an important aspect of socializing [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Today, hotels must pay greater attention to food safety, environmental protection, justice, human rights, and everything else connected to the ethical content of economic operations in the producing world [2, 7, 8, 9].…”

“…Food poisoning, unlike certain other health disorders, affects every nation, regardless of income or development level [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. Several studies have found that food-borne diseases impose a remarkable economic as well as quality-of-life burden on society through acute morbidity and chronic sequelae [2, 5, 6, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31]. Food-borne infections cover a wide range of ailments and are an increasing public and environmental health concern across the world.…”