“…Human bocavirus (HBoV), in the genus Bocavirus, was discovered recently and is detected frequently in nasopharyngeal aspirate, fecal, urine, and blood samples from children with respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infections (1,2,15,18,20). Serology studies demonstrated that most children and elderly people have been exposed to HBoV (4,9,12,14). Although current data suggest that HBoV is the second parvovirus pathogenic in humans, it is very difficult to prove this without animal and cell models of HBoV.…”