Eliophylin as a rumen fermentation efficiency enhancer.

Abstract

In cattle, the positive correlation between enhanced propionate production in the rumen and an increase in feed conversion after the treatment of low concentration of lasalocid or monensinhas been well documented1~4).Richardson et al5) showed that the increase in feed efficiency by monensin was a result of increased synthesis of propionic acid and decreased synthesis of acetic acid and n-butyric acid by micro flora in the rumen. Becuase monensin increases feed efficiency and reduces feed intake, its inclusion in animal feed results in a significant savings in feed costs to the cattle industry. Both monensin and lasalocid are being marketed as cattle growth performance enhancer under the trade name Rumensin and Bovatec, respectively.During our search for novel cattle growth performance enhancers from microbial sources using an in vitro rumen fermentation system2), a Streptomyces culture was found to produce a substance which elicited unusually high level of propionate production in rumen fluid. Production of the active substance wascarried out in a medium containing (in g/liter): tomato paste (Cantalina) 5.0, distiller' s soluble 5.0, meat peptone (type-SB, Marco Development Corp., Hackensack, NJ) 5.0, debittered dried 1.0, and K2HPO4 1.0. The medium pH was adjusted to 7.0 before sterilization. The

Dehydrorabelomycin-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, Actinofuranone C and Further New Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Terrestrial Streptomyces spp.

“…Compound 107 is a component of epoxy resins used in coating of food cans and as bonding and adhesive agent. Its natural occurrence is not reported yet, and also here the true origin needs to be confirmed: Compounds 109-111 were also reported as hydrolysis products of BADGE (107). However, these compounds were not isolated from other strains and could not be re-isolated from the same strain so considering these compounds as new natural metabolites is still to be confirmed by biosynthetic studies.…”

“…The molecule was finally constructed with the help of HMBC and COSY correlations. In HMBC, the proton appearing at δ 1.61 showed a Glycidyl ethers are basic and important components of epoxy resins and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) (107) and its polymers are used as cross linking agents in commercially available epoxy resins. These epoxy resins are used in the coating of food cans, in reinforced plastic laminates and as bonding and adhesive materials.…”

“…[132,133] In contrast, BADGE is also reported to induce peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARγ) activation, nuclear localization of the receptor and induces cell death by apoptosis. [134] The natural occurrence of BADGE (107) was not yet reported. As the technical product is racemic, it is surprising, that we observed a positive optical rotation: An abiotic origin cannot be excluded therefore, although also an enzymatic degradation of 107 is plausible (kinetic resolution).…”

“…It exhibits promising antibacterial, antifungal, cytocidal, and anticoccoidal activities. [106] It is also reported to enhance rumen efficiency [107] and possess antiulcer properties. It also inhibits testosterone 5-α-reductase.…”

“…Fraction II was further separated into three subfractions by silica gel column using cyclohexane/CH 2 Cl 2 gradient. The less polar Fraction IIa was purified on silica gel column (CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH) to obtain BADGE(107). 1-acetyl--carboline (1.2mg) was isolated from fraction IIb using silica gel column (CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH).…”