Eliminative Split of Pectic Substances by Phytopathogenic Soft-Rot Bacteria

Starr, Mortimer P.; Moran, Francis

doi:10.1126/science.135.3507.920

Cited by 124 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The genus Erwinia was sufficiently vague in concept to accommodate these soft-rot bacteria. Despite the early comparative studies (Jones, 1901 ;Harding & Morse, 1909;Jennison, 1923) which showed the essential similarity of most soft-rot bacteria to the one first described-now called Erwinia carotovora-a multiplicity of species names was used, with various definitions, but most frequently based on the curious 'new host-new species' notion We have undertaken a comprehensive study of the genus Erwinia and related bacteria, including investigations on such aspects as nutrition (Starr & Mandel, 1950) ; end-products of glucose dissimilation in E. amylovora (Sutton & Starr, 1959), in E. carotovora (Kraght & Starr, 1952), and in other erwinias (in preparation); uronic acid catabolism (Kilgore & Starr, r959), pectolytic enzymes (Kraght & Starr, 1953;Starr & Moran, 1962;Nasuno & Starr, 1966;Moran, Nasuno & Starr, 1968a, b); pigment formation (Starr, Cosens & Knackmuss, 1966) ; bacteriophage and bacteriocin relationships (in preparation) ; pathogenicity (Starr, 1947 ;Starr, Cardona & Folsom, 1951 ;in preparation). In this report, we present the DNA base ratios of representative cultures of Erwinia species and other enterobacteria.…”

Section: P S T a R R And M M A N D E Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

Starr

Mandel

1969

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYUsing lysates and purified DNA, base ratios were determined by the buoyant density ultracentrifugation and the absorbance-temperature transition techniques ; the correspondence was very high between the two methods. The DNAs from a large number of Erwinia species, mostly phytopathogenic and nonphytopathogenic, but including some ' Erwinia-like ' bacteria from animal sources and from other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae were studied. The DNA base ratios of these bacteria fell mainly in the range 50-58 % GC, consistent with their taxonomic placement in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Certain assemblages of erwinias could be grouped on the basis of GC content into clearly differentiated clusters, which, accidentally or otherwise, correlated neatly with certain existing nomenclatural groupings. It was not possible, from the GC values alone, to decide whether the present multiplicity of Erwinia species can be justified as separate species, or whether and how they might be combined into fewer species, or whether and how they might be demoted to some infraspecific level. Indeed, it is not clear whether the genus Erwinia, defined as it is solely on the basis of plant habitat, should be maintained or whether its species might not, just as rationally, be distributed throughout other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Classifications of the genus Erwinia on over-all phenotypic similarity result in a small number of specific taxa which, on the basis of the present study, are seen to contain organisms of different GC contents. In the present state of the art, one can only be agnostic about the amount of such differences in GC content which corresponds to separate taxa or to a particular categoreal level (generic, specific, infraspecific) in the present hierarchical taxonomic scheme.

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Section: P S T a R R And M M A N D E Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

Starr

Mandel

1969

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…They are economically important because of the crop loss they can cause both in the field and after harvest in transit and in storage (Pérombelon 1982;Starr 1983). Among the species of pectolytic bacteria associated with crop loss, erwinia spp.…”

Section: Changes In the Spectrum Of Pectolytic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, pseudomonads (namely Pseudomonas syringae group) and the most of xanthomonads produce necrotic lesions on foliage, stems, or fruit that develop into spots, streaks, or cankers. They affect plants worldwide, causing varying amounts of damage in crops of nearly every plant family (Starr 1983).…”

Section: A Decrease Of the Frequency Of Occurrence Of Cold Tolerant Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of climate change on geographic distribution of plant pathogenic bacteria in Central Europe

Kůdela¹

2009

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Abstract:This review provides an overview of variety of bacterial plant pathogens which can serve as an example of how plant pathogenic bacteria can adapt very specifically to anticipated climate change in Central Europe. In the centre of attention are the themes such as: emerging of heat-loving bacteria; changes in the spectrum of pectolytic bacteria; an decrease of the frequency of occurrence of cold tolerant pseudomonads and an increase of more thermophilic xanthomonads; increased risk of xylem-limited bacteria which overwinter in insect vectors; reduced risk of damage of stone fruit trees by ice nucleation active pseudomonads and subsequent winter freeze temperatures. Of plant pathogenic prokaryotes, mollicutes and phloem-limited bacteria are not discussed in this review.

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“…With time, sodium polypectate and polygalacturonic acid were hydrolyzed to galacturonic acid. Attempts to demonstrate a trans-eliminative cleavage of pectic substances by the crude or purified enzyme were negative as tested by measuring increase in absorbance of reaction mixtures at 230 mix (Starr and Moran, 1962), or by use of the thiobarbituric acid assay (Weissbach and Hurwitz, 1959). This purified enzyme also rapidly macerated potato tissue in standard reaction mixtures containing only 0.5 ~zg of enzyme (protein)/ml (Fig.…”

Section: The "Macerating Enzyme" Produced By S Rolfsiimentioning

confidence: 99%

The enzymatic maceration of plant tissue

Bateman

1968

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

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A new technique was developed for measuring the enzymatic maceration of plant tissue. When potato tissue disks were subjected to constant agitation in the presence of a "macerating enzyme" they were reduced to a suspension of single cells. The maceration process was followed by determining the increase in turbidity of reaction mixtures at 475 m~x due to the release of free cells. The process of tissue maceration as measured by this turbidimetric procedure was observed to consist of a lag phase followed by a linear phase of cell release; the length of the lag phase and the slope of the linear phase of cell release were both related to the log of the "macerating enzyme" concentration. The "macerating enzyme" of Sclerotium rolfsii was purified and identified as an endo-polygalacturonase.

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Eliminative Split of Pectic Substances by Phytopathogenic Soft-Rot Bacteria

Cited by 124 publications

References 8 publications

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

DNA Base Composition and Taxonomy of Phytopathogenic and Other Enterobacteria

Potential impact of climate change on geographic distribution of plant pathogenic bacteria in Central Europe

The enzymatic maceration of plant tissue

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