Elimination of sulphur compounds from wastewater by the root zone process—I. Performance of a large-scale purification plant at a textile finishing industry

The use of constructed wetland for dye-rich textile wastewater treatment

“…The COD reduction is similar to the results obtained by different authors, i.e. Baughman et al [13] reported 20-34% efficiency for 50 mg/l COD inflow, while Winter and Kickuth [14] reached 65-76% efficiency for 1.400 mg/l COD inflow. Nevertheless, the ratio between BOD 5 and COD (0.26) in inflow indicated biologically hardly degraded nature of textile wastewater.…”

Sustainable Management and Successful Application of Constructed Wetlands: A Critical Review

“…The use of HSSF CWs for the treatment of tannery wastewaters is relatively new, and experiments were carried out in Turkey, Portugal, Greece, and the USA [48][49][50][51]. The use HSSF CWs for the treatment of textile wastewaters was carried out as early as the late 1980s and early 1990s in Germany [52] and Australia [53]. The first experiments to treat abattoir wastewaters were reported by Finlayson et al [54] from Australia.…”

Sulfur Cycle in a Wetland Microcosm: Extended 34S-Stable Isotope Analysis and Mass Balance

“…The sulfur cycle in constructed wetlands is intimately intertwined with carbon, nitrogen, and iron cycles, − and has important implications for other aspects of wetland biogeochemistry (e.g., removal of cationic metals). Sulfate is a common constituent of these wastewaters (i.e., typical concentrations range from 10–1000 mg S L –1 ). ,− As the first step of the sulfur cycle, bacterial sulfate reduction occurs in most constructed wetlands where organic carbon is present. ,,, Sulfide produced in wetland sediments can be oxidized back to sulfate by biological or chemical reactions. − , It can also be oxidized to other sulfur species, such as elemental sulfur and thiosulfate, both of which can be microbially disproportionated to sulfate and sulfide. − Because the production of elemental sulfur is substantially faster than its consumption, it can accumulate in wetland sediments . Sulfide can react with ferrous ion (Fe 2+ ) to produce acid volatile sulfide (AVS), which also accumulates in wetland sediments, , where it can undergo further diagenesis to produce pyrite. , Solid-phase sulfur species can be oxidized into sulfate if they encounter electron acceptors (e.g., if nitrate-containing water flows into sulfidic sediments). , As an indispensable component in constructed wetlands, plants can affect the sulfur cycle via assimilatory uptake of sulfate, subsequently incorporating it into organic sulfur compounds. − …”

“…18−21 Because the production of elemental sulfur is substantially faster than its consumption, it can accumulate in wetland sediments. 22 Sulfide can react with ferrous ion (Fe 2+ ) to produce acid volatile sulfide (AVS), which also accumulates in wetland sediments, 23,24 where it can undergo further diagenesis to produce pyrite. 16,25 Solid-phase sulfur species can be oxidized into sulfate if they encounter electron acceptors (e.g., if nitrate-containing water flows into sulfidic sediments).…”