Sustainable Management and Successful Application of Constructed Wetlands: A Critical Review

Gorgoglione, Angela; Torretta, Vincenzo

doi:10.3390/su10113910

Cited by 98 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Although there are sustainable solutions for the treatment of wastewater [9,10] nanotechnology has been identified as one of the most promising technologies that could play an important role in resolving many of the problems involving water purification and quality since nanoparticles covered with appropriate chemical substances for heavy ion removal possess an increased surface to volume ratio and thus constitute an efficient removal method [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromixing Efficiency of Particles in Heavy Metal Removal Processes under Various Inlet Conditions

Karvelas

Liosis

Benos

et al. 2019

Water

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Water quality problems are a persistent global issue since population growth has continually stressed hydrological resources. Heavy metals released into the environment from plating plants, mining, and alloy manufacturing pose a significant threat to the public health. A possible solution for water purification from heavy metals is to capture them by using nanoparticles in micromixers. In this method, conventionally heavy metal capture is achieved by effectively mixing two streams, a particle solution and the contaminated water, under the action of external magnetic fields. In the present study, we investigated the effective mixing of iron oxide nanoparticles and water without the use of external magnetic fields. For this reason, the mixing of particles and the contaminated water was studied for various inlet velocity ratios and inflow angles of the two streams using computational fluid dynamics techniques. The Navier-Stokes equations were solved for the water flow, the discrete motion of particles was evaluated by a Lagrangian method, while the flow of substances of the contaminated water was studied by a scalar transport equation. Results showed that as the velocity ratio between the inlet streams increased, the mixing of particles with the contaminated water was increased. Therefore, nanoparticles were more uniformly distributed in the duct and efficiently absorbed the substances of the contaminated water. On the other hand, the angle between two streams was found to play an insignificant role in the mixing process. Consequently, the results from this study could be used in the design of more compact and cost efficient micromixer devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromixing Efficiency of Particles in Heavy Metal Removal Processes under Various Inlet Conditions

Karvelas

Liosis

Benos

et al. 2019

Water

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“…1) (Zhou et al, 2014). Particularly due to their low construction costs (one-third to one-half the cost of a wastewater treatment plant) and operation maintenance costs (0.05-0.2 yuan/ton wastewater, compared to 0.7-1.5 yuan/ton wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant) (Yu et al, 2018), CWs play an irreplaceable role in the wastewater treatment and economic development of the developing countries like China and India (Gorgoglione and Torretta, 2018;Semeraro et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights for enhancing the performance of constructed wetlands at low temperatures

Hou³

et al. 2020

Bioresource Technology

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely utilized for various types of wastewater treatment due to their merits, including high cost-effectiveness and easy operation. However, a few intrinsic drawbacks have always restricted their application and long-term stability, especially their weak performance at temperatures under 10°C (low temperatures) due to the deterioration of microbial assimilation and plant uptake processes. The existing modifications to improve CWs performance from the direct optimization of internal components to the indirect adjunction of external resources promoted the wastewater treatment efficiency to a certain degree, but the sustainability and sufficiency of pollutants removal remains a challenge. With the goal of optimizing CW components, the integrity of the CW ecosystem and the removal of emerging pollutants, future directions for research should include radiation plant breeding, improvements to CW ecosystems, and the combination or integration of certain treatment processes with CWs to enhance wastewater treatment effects at low temperatures.

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“…Among them, constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective systems based on the use of macrophytes that exploit their high growth rate and large root apparatus for the direct uptake of pollutants (Fibbi et al 2012 ; Mitsch 2012 ; Newete and Byrne 2016 ) and, above all, for the synergistic interactions with the microbial communities of CWs (Sacco et al 2006 ; Truu et al 2009 ). Such simple and low-cost technology is extensively used for the treatment of domestic sewage, as well as of industrial and agricultural wastewater (Gorgoglione and Torretta 2018 ; Masi et al 2018 ). In fact, CWs can efficiently lower a wide range of pollutants, including metals that are removed thanks to precipitation and complexation mechanisms (Marchand et al 2010 ), and to the considerable ability of macrophytes to accumulate such elements from water (Ali et al 2013 ; Sharma et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the loop in a constructed wetland for the improvement of metal removal: the use of Phragmites australis biomass harvested from the system as biosorbent

Bianchi

Coppi

Nucci

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Among the numerous clean-up techniques for water treatment, sorption methods are widely used for the removal of trace metals. Phragmites australis is a macrophyte commonly used in constructed wetlands for water purification, and in the last decades, its use as biosorbent has attracted increasing attention. In view of a circularly economy approach, this study investigated improvement of trace metal removal by recycling the biomass of P. australis colonizing a constructed wetland, which operates as post-treatment of effluent wastewater from an activated sludge plant serving the textile industrial district of Prato (Italy). After the annual mowing of the reed plants, the biomass was dried and blended to derive a sustainable and eco-friendly biosorbent and its sorption capacity for Fe, Cu, and Zn was investigated comparing the batch system with the easier-to-handle column technique. The possibility of regeneration and reuse of the biosorbent was also evaluated. The biomaterial showed an interesting sorption capacity for Cu, Fe, and Zn, both in batch and in column experiments, especially for Fe ions. The immobilization of the biosorbent in column filters induced some improvement in the removal efficiency, and, in addition, this operation mode has the advantage of being much more suitable for practical applications than the batch process.

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Sustainable Management and Successful Application of Constructed Wetlands: A Critical Review

Cited by 98 publications

References 101 publications

Micromixing Efficiency of Particles in Heavy Metal Removal Processes under Various Inlet Conditions

Micromixing Efficiency of Particles in Heavy Metal Removal Processes under Various Inlet Conditions

New insights for enhancing the performance of constructed wetlands at low temperatures

Closing the loop in a constructed wetland for the improvement of metal removal: the use of Phragmites australis biomass harvested from the system as biosorbent

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