“…1 Now, more than 3 decades later, perinatal transmission in resource-rich settings has become uncommon and the goal of elimination of perinatal HIV transmission may be possible in the foreseeable future. [2][3][4] This review covers key concepts in the pathophysiology of HIV, with emphasis on perinatal transmission, and reviews appropriate screening and diagnostic testing for HIV during pregnancy. Current recommendations for medical, pharmacologic, and obstetric management of women newly diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy and women with preexisting infection, with an emphasis on the resource-rich setting, are also discussed.…”