Elimination of peak splitting and distortion associated with liquid sample on‐column injection: Solvent polarity effects

Determination of polar organic solutes in methanol using hot on-column injection capillary gas chromatography

“…outer tubing was packed tightly with aluminum foil (Figure 1) and then inserted into the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hot on-column sample introduction requires efficient vaporization of both the solvent and the solute. This is particularly critical for polar solvents due to their higher heats of vaporization (10). A fused silica column heated only by convection can vaporize only a limited volume of solvent due to its low thermal mass.…”

“…This has been accomplished by either using a heated on-column injector or injecting directly into the heated capillary column within the oven. When the hot on-column technique is utilized, large injection volumes of nonpolar solvents can be tolerated (up to 10 gL); however, injection volumes of polar solvents, especially methanol, are limited to less than 1 gL (9)(10)(11). The retention gap technique (8,12) and techniques using independent temperature programmable on-column injectors (13)(14)(15) have also overcome the problem of peak splitting or distortion.…”

Identification and determination of 16-carbon 2,5-dialkyloxolanes in autoxidized n-hexadecane samples by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

“…It generally gives better quantitative accuracy and precision than conventional vaporizing injection techniques. "Cold" on-column injection, however, could lead to peak distortion or splitting due to liquid sample flooding of the column inlet, which occurs more readily with polar solvents (8,9). Some new approaches, which have been reported recently to overcome this problem, are the "retention gap" method (8,10), the "hot" on-column injection (11,12), and the "solvent focusing" technique (13,14).…”