Abstract:Periodically switching between evaporation and condensation, or "humidity cycling", has potential for controlling the film shape that results from volatile droplets containing a nonvolatile material. It does not require adaptation of material properties nor the introduction of an external field to achieve a change in film shape. It was shown experimentally by Doi and coworkers [Kajiya et al. Langmuir 2010, 26, pp 10429-10432] that ring-shaped deposits can be removed through careful selection of the atmospheric… Show more
“…When the residue was exposed to the solvent vapor for an optimum duration and dried again, its morphology changed from ring to disc. The numerical studies by Eales show that CRE is eliminated due to the refluidization of gelled regions during the condensation [142]. Refluidization brings back the spherical cap shape to minimize the surface energy.…”
Evaporation of sessile droplets containing non-volatile solutes dispersed in a volatile solvent leaves behind ring-like solid stains. As the volatile species evaporates, pinning of the contact line gives rise to capillary flows that transport non-volatile solutes to the contact line. This phenomenon, called the coffee-ring effect, compromises the overall performance of industrially relevant manufacturing processes involving evaporation such as printing, biochemical analysis, manufacturing of nano-structured materials through colloidal and macromolecular patterning. Various approaches have been developed to suppress this phenomenon, which is otherwise difficult to avoid. The coffee-ring effect has also been leveraged to prepare new materials through convection induced assembly. This review underlines not only the strategies developed to suppress the coffee-ring effect but also sheds light on approaches to arrive at novel processes and materials. Working principles and applicability of these strategies are discussed together with a critical comparison.
“…When the residue was exposed to the solvent vapor for an optimum duration and dried again, its morphology changed from ring to disc. The numerical studies by Eales show that CRE is eliminated due to the refluidization of gelled regions during the condensation [142]. Refluidization brings back the spherical cap shape to minimize the surface energy.…”
Evaporation of sessile droplets containing non-volatile solutes dispersed in a volatile solvent leaves behind ring-like solid stains. As the volatile species evaporates, pinning of the contact line gives rise to capillary flows that transport non-volatile solutes to the contact line. This phenomenon, called the coffee-ring effect, compromises the overall performance of industrially relevant manufacturing processes involving evaporation such as printing, biochemical analysis, manufacturing of nano-structured materials through colloidal and macromolecular patterning. Various approaches have been developed to suppress this phenomenon, which is otherwise difficult to avoid. The coffee-ring effect has also been leveraged to prepare new materials through convection induced assembly. This review underlines not only the strategies developed to suppress the coffee-ring effect but also sheds light on approaches to arrive at novel processes and materials. Working principles and applicability of these strategies are discussed together with a critical comparison.
“…For altering environmental conditions including humidity, temperature, and acoustic or electric fields, , complicated devices were needed to control the drying process. Eales and Routh showed that ring-shaped deposits could be removed through careful selection of the atmospheric conditions, and humidity cycling had potential for controlling the film shape of the volatile droplet. Deegan et al restricted evaporation from the edge of drop by covering the drop with a lid that had only a small hole over the center of the drop.…”
The ring stain phenomenon is a critical
hindrance to the distribution
of the solute during drying for biochemical assays and materials deposition.
Herein, we developed a substrate, characterized with hydrophilic spots
surrounded by hydrophobic areas, to suppress the ring stain effect,
and fabricated four kinds of patterned surfaces to investigate the
relationship between the surface free energy and ring-suppressing
performance. We found that during the evaporation process, a drop
was constrained on the hydrophilic spot with a pinned contact line,
and the ring stain effect was suppressed significantly. The suppressing
performance of the ring stain effect increases with surface free energy
differences between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
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