Elevated serum uric acid levels are independent risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer in female <scp>C</scp>hinese patients with type 2 diabetes (血尿酸水平升高是中国女性2型糖尿病患者糖尿病足溃疡的独立危险因素)

Xiao, Ye; Cao, Ying; Gao, Fang; Yang, Qunying; Zhang, Qian; Fu, Xia-jun; Li, Jimin; Xue, Yan

doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12079

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The characteristics of all 31 articles, which were published between 1995 and 2019, are shown in Table 1. Six studies were performed in China, 32,33,36,39,51,54 five in the United States, 30,34,44,49,52 three in Taiwan, 41,45,46 two in the UK, 26,35 Denmark 28,29 and Saudi Arabia, 25,37 and one study each in Australia, 27 Austria, 40 Finland, 48 Ghana, 43 Italy, 47 New Zealand, 42 Pakistan, 53 Republic of Nauru 38 and Singapore. 50 In addition, two multinational studies were included, one of which was conducted in Europe (UK, Switzerland, Germany, in which the proportion of female patients was as low as 2.6%.…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes—A systematic review

Rossboth

Lechleitner²,

Oberaigner

2020

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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Aims With increasing numbers of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide, the number of associated diabetic foot complications might also increase. This systematic review was performed to summarize published data about risk factors for the diabetic foot (DF) syndrome in order to improve the identification of high‐risk patients. Materials and methods Six electronic databases were searched for publications up to August 2019 using predefined stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Of 9,476 identified articles, 31 articles from 28 different study populations fulfilled the criteria for our evaluation. The overall quality of the studies was good, and the risk of bias was low. There was large heterogeneity among the studies concerning study protocols and patient populations analysed. A total of 79 risk factors were analysed within this review. The majority of studies described a consistently positive association with different outcomes of interest related to DF for gender, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, poor glycaemic control, insulin use, duration of diabetes, smoking and height. For age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and body mass index, the results remain inconsistent. Conclusion A most up‐to‐date literature review resulted in glycaemic control and smoking as the only amenable risk factors with a consistently positive association for DF. Due to the high personal and financial burden associated with DF and the large heterogeneity among included studies, additional longitudinal studies in large patient populations are necessary to identify more modifiable risk factors that can be used in the prediction and prevention of DF complications.

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Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes—A systematic review

Rossboth

Lechleitner²,

Oberaigner

2020

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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“…The pathogenesis is partly the same as diabetic vascular and neuropathy complications [65]. Uric acid can be used as an independent risk factor to assess the development of diabetic foot [66].…”

Section: Epidemiology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Uric Acid on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Chronic Complications

Xiong

Liu

2019

International Journal of Endocrinology

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With the deepening of the researches on uric acid, especially in the study of metabolic diseases, uric acid has been found to be closely related to obesity, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. Uric acid causes a series of pathophysiological changes through inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial injury, and so on and thus subsequently promotes the occurrence and development of diseases. This review confirmed the positive correlation between uric acid and diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications through the pathogenesis and clinical studies aspects.

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“…One study states that elevated UA levels are a significant and independent risk factor for diabetic foot ulcer in female Chinese patients with T2DM [67] .…”

Section: Diabetic Footmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications

Kushiyama

Tanaka

Hara

et al. 2014

WJD

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Hyperuricemia have been thought to be caused by the ingestion of large amounts of purines, and prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia has intended to prevent gout. Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/ XO) is rate-limiting enzyme of uric acid generation, and allopurinol was developed as a uric acid (UA) generation inhibitor in the 1950s and has been routinely used for gout prevention since then. Serum UA levels are an important risk factor of disease progression for various diseases, including those related to lifestyle. Recently, other UA generation inhibitors such as febuxostat and topiroxostat were launched. The emergence of these novel medications has promoted new research in the field. Lifestyle-related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus, often have a common pathological foundation. As such, hyperuricemia is often present among these patients. Many in vitro and animal studies have implicated inflammation and oxidative stress in UA metabolism and vascular injury because XDH/XO act as one of the major source of reactive oxygen species Many studies on UA levels and associated diseases implicate involvement of UA generation in disease onset and/or progression. Interventional studies for UA generation, not UA excretion revealed XDH/XO can be the therapeutic target for vascular injury and renal dysfunction. In this review, the relationship between UA metabolism and diabetic complications is highlighted.© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.Key words: Uric acid; Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic complications; Xanthine oxidase inhibitor; Metabolism Core tip: Uric acid (UA) is derived from essential metabolism, and UA metabolism is becoming a novel risk and interventional factor of lifestyle-related diseases in this obesity-prone era. The relationship between UA metabolism and diabetic complications is highlighted in this review and supposed molecular mechanisms are mentioned.Kushiyama A, Tanaka K, Hara S, Kawazu S. Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications. World J Diabetes 2014; 5(6): 787-795 Available from:

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Elevated serum uric acid levels are independent risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer in female Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (血尿酸水平升高是中国女性2型糖尿病患者糖尿病足溃疡的独立危险因素)

Abstract: Elevated uric acid levels are a significant and independent risk factor for diabetic foot ulcer in female Chinese patients with T2D. Whether serum uric acid is involved in the pathogenesis of DFU in female patients remains to be investigated.

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes—A systematic review

Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes—A systematic review

Effects of Uric Acid on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Chronic Complications

Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications

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