Elevated resting heart rate is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in healthy men and women

Cooney, Marie Therese; Vartiainen, Erkki; Laakitainen, Tinna; Juolevi, Anne; Dudina, Alexandra; Graham, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.029

Cited by 362 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…(NB: as in our frail subgroup) was associated with a 40% increased risk of all-cause mortality [19], in keeping with previous evidence that elevated resting HR is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease [20] and death [21]. Frailty is also a powerful predictor of mortality [22,23] and, interestingly, Fried et al recently suggested that HR dynamics might be useful for screening and monitoring of clinical vulnerability in older adults [24], and that cardiac autonomic control is indeed impaired in frailty [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Orthostatic haemodynamics may be impaired in frailty†

Romero-Ortuño¹,

Cogan²,

O’Shea³

et al. 2011

Age and Ageing

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Background: orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a physical sign that reflects a final common pathway of various forms of disordered physiology, which is the hallmark of geriatric frailty. Fried et al. recognise three increasing frailty phenotypes in older people, based on measurements of weight loss, exhaustion, grip strength, walking speed and physical activity. Orthostatic haemodynamics have not been considered as markers of frailty in older people. Objective: to classify a community sample of older people into three increasing frailty phenotypes and compare their orthostatic haemodynamics. Design: cross-sectional study. Setting: geriatric research clinic. Subjects: a total of 442 subjects (mean age 72, 72% females) without dementia or risk factors for autonomic neuropathy. Methods: the sample was classified according to modified Fried criteria. Orthostatic systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) responses were monitored during an active stand with Finometer®. Results: one hundred and ninety-eight subjects (44.8%) were classified as non-frail, 213 (48.2%) as pre-frail, and 31 (7.0%) as frail. Across groups, there was a significant increasing gradient in baseline HR (P = 0.008) and decreasing gradients in Delta HR (i.e. maximum HR within 30 s-baseline HR) (P < 0.001) and maximum HR by 30 s (P < 0.001). On average, by 30 s after stand, non-frail subjects had recovered 98% of their baseline SBP, while pre-frail and frail subjects had recovered 95 and 92%, respectively (P for trend = 0.064). Conclusions: the orthostatic HR response and, to a lesser extent, SBP recoverability, appear impaired in frailty. Orthostatic haemodynamics may be useful markers of frailty.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Orthostatic haemodynamics may be impaired in frailty†

Romero-Ortuño¹,

Cogan²,

O’Shea³

et al. 2011

Age and Ageing

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“…Evening types also have a significantly faster resting heart rate than morning types (and a faster resting heart rate than intermediate types), whereas intermediate types have a significantly lower weight than morning types (and a lower weight than evening types). These findings might explain some of the reported difference in indicators of morbidity and mortality between chronotypes (Cooney et al, 2010;Lemogne et al, 2011;Nabi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Evening types are prone to depression

Merikanto

Lahti

Kronholm

et al. 2013

Chronobiology International

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204

114

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Certain preferences for the timing of daily activities (chronotype) may predispose an individual to sleep problems and mood disorders. In this study, we have examined the link between chronotypes and depression. Participants (N ¼ 6071) were recruited from a random sample of the general population aged 25 to 74 yrs living in defined geographical areas, as part of the National FINRISK Study in 2007 in Finland. Chronotype assessment was based on six items from the original Horne-Ö stberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Depression was assessed with four self-reported items, including two probes for a diagnosis of a major depressive episode, diagnosed or treated depression, and use of antidepressants. We also analyzed correlations between chronotype and several health indicators, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressures, resting heart rate, weight, and waist circumference. The odds ratios for a range of indicators of depression were higher for evening types (2.7-to 4.1-fold) and intermediate types (1.5-to 1.9-fold) than for morning types. Our results suggest that individuals having a preference for evening hours to carry out their daily activities are prone to depression. (Author correspondence: ilona.merikanto@helsinki.fi)

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“…Reductions in both RHR and SHR can potentially reduce the risk of both CVD and all-cause mortality (55)(56)(57).…”

Section: Secondary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%