Elevated Metabolic Rates in Obesity

James, W. P. T.; Dauncey, M. J.; Davies, H. L.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90300-8

Cited by 156 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An explanation of this could be that the original indicator (reduced metabolic rate) of probable weight gain is not apparent when the state of obesity is reached. 7 In the present study, no relationship was observed between changes in REE over the 28 d period of energy restriction in relation to the subsequent weight-change in follow-up. It has been suggested, however, that obese patients on VLCD show an energy-metabolism adaptation during the diet by reducing the energy expended for life maintenance systems 14 and, in view of this adaptation, the mediumto long-term ef®cacy of VLCDs would be diminished.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possible metabolic factors predisposing to weight gain subsequent to the cessation of a rapid-weight-loss diet. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, intervention study of a 2 MJ diet daily for 28 d in a metabolic ward followed by a 12-month outpatient follow-up under a conventional, hypocaloric diet. SUBJECTS: Thirty-®ve females and one male, all with morbid obesity de®ned by a body mass index ! 35 kg/m 2 . MEASUREMENTS: V ? O 2 and V ? CO 2 measured by 30 min indirect calorimetry to calculate resting energy expenditure and resting respiratory quotient at the beginning and end of very-low-calorie diet; body composition assessed by hydrostatic weighing on day 1; weight recorded on days 1 and 28 and at follow-up of 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: From among all the variables considered, the resting respiratory quotient measured on day 28, even adjusted for weight loss during hospitalisation, was the only one that correlated signi®cantly with the weight changes recorded during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Subjects who showed a respiratory quotient on day 28 in the lower range (`0.72) were more able to maintain the weight-loss achieved with the very-low-calorie diet while those in the higher range (b 0.75) were less able to do so over the follow-up period. Thus, an appropriately measured respiratory quotient could prove useful in clinical practice as a prognostic marker of the long-term effectiveness of low-and very-low-calorie diets used to induce rapid weight loss.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding, which necessitates replication, suggests that the maintenance of lean mass and strength may contribute to this obesity paradox, which suggests that obesity may provide a survival benefit under certain situations (Hainer and Aldhoon-Hainerova 2013). Our finding that the obese were associated with greater lean mass and strength is in agreement with previous research and is thought to be the result of the added mechanical work performed by the obese during activities of daily living (James et al 1978;Murton et al 2015). Although some have suggested that this obesity paradox is specific to men (Mohebi et al 2015;Migaj et al 2015), we observed no sex differences with this effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance but not skeletal muscle dysfunction or all-cause mortality

Loenneke

Loprinzi

2015

AGE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent work has found that older adults with obesity and systemic inflammation have associated metabolic dysfunction but do not have associated lower lean mass or strength. However, this lean mass estimate may be inflated with obesity, given that 15 % of adipose tissue is composed of fat-free tissue. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate, in a nationally representative sample of adults, whether obese adults with chronic systemic inflammation (unhealthy) have differences in lean mass, muscle strength, and insulin resistance when compared to normal weight individuals without elevated levels of systemic inflammation (healthy). A secondary objective was to determine whether these potential differences were moderated by physical activity and to determine if these groups had a differential risk for all-cause mortality. Our findings suggests that the unhealthy group was associated with higher upper body lean mass (β = 823; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 637-1010; P < 0.001), lower body lean mass (β = 2724; 95 % CI 2291-3158; P < 0.001), and strength (β = 34.6; 95 % CI 13.5-55.7; P = 0.003) compared to the healthy group despite having systemic inflammation and correcting for fat-free adipose tissue. However, the unhealthy group was associated with insulin resistance (odds ratio (OR) = 16.1; 95 % CI 2.7-96.1; P = 0.005) although this finding was attenuated in those physically active (OR = 8.5; 95 % CI 2.43-30.15; P = 0.003). Despite this metabolic dysfunction, there was no difference in all-cause mortality risk between groups (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16 (95 % CI 0.69-1.96; P = 0.54)) suggesting that higher amounts of lean mass and strength may be protective of premature mortality.

show abstract

“…The precise metabolic mechanism by which some people store more fat in cells or burn up more energies than others is not clear. The BMR may, in fact, be greater in obese people which is related to their greater size (29) . However, there are complex factors at cell level which facilitate a greater uptake of fat into the cells or slow the breakdown of fat, including enzymes, hormonal and genetic aspects.…”

Section: Causes Of Obesity In Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of obesity in children differs from that of adults

Hoey

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity in childhood is a very common disorder with an increasing prevalence. It is one of the most serious public health challenges. The objectives of the present paper are to increase the awareness of the problem of obesity in childhood, its serious complications and the need for prevention. Overweight and obese children are likely to remain obese into adulthood and more likely to develop serious complications including health problems such as diabetes and CVD, as well as psychological and social challenges. Overweight and obesity are largely preventable. In adults it is difficult to reduce excessive weight gain once it has become established, thus children should be considered the priority population for intervention strategies and prevention. Nutrition, exercise, weight gain in infancy, genetic and environmental factors, all contribute to the aetiology. Prevention and treatment of obesity in childhood requires education and empowerment of families relating to diet and exercise, along with the regulation and control of food marketing and clear nutritional labelling. The eating and physical activity behaviour of a child is strongly influenced by environmental and social factors. Therefore treatment will have only limited success in an environment where adequate physical activity is inhibited and the consumption of high-energy food is stimulated. Government investment in a health promotion programme addressing the issue of obesity in the population as a whole, with particular emphasis on the prevention and management of obesity in childhood is vital. The family doctor and multidisciplinary team play an important role. Regular visits to the family doctor, including growth assessment, will help motivate the family to restrict energy intake and to increase exercise. Therefore the prevention of childhood obesity needs high priority.

show abstract

Elevated Metabolic Rates in Obesity

Cited by 156 publications

References 13 publications

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance but not skeletal muscle dysfunction or all-cause mortality

Management of obesity in children differs from that of adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About