Elevated global cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction and unchanged metabolic rate of oxygen in young adults with end-stage renal disease: an MRI study

Abstract

• Anaemic young adults with ESRD may afford higher CBF and OEF. • Anaemic young adults with ESRD maintain a normal CMRO 2 . • Cognitive function was still impaired in young ESRD adults. • The severity of cognitive dysfunction correlated with CBF and OEF changes.

Validation of T2‐based oxygen extraction fraction measurement with 15O positron emission tomography

“…4,5,7,8 Diminished OEF was reported in patients with mild cognitive impairment 1 and multiple sclerosis, 9 while increased OEF was demonstrated in patients with Moyamoya disease, 3,14 systemic lupus erythematosus, 29 hepatic encephalopathy, 51 or end-stage renal disease. 52 Traditionally, 15 O-PET is the method of choice to investigate brain OEF abnormalities. 4,5,7,8,14 However, broader clinical applications of the 15 O-PET method have been hampered by its complexity and radiation exposure.…”

Cross‐vendor harmonization of T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) MRI for the assessment of cerebral venous oxygenation

“…Compared with the conventional blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent functional techniques, oximetry and metabolism techniques are more quantitative and are directly related to brain physiology, and thus have gained increasing attention in recent literature. Indeed, novel MRI oximetry and metabolism techniques have found clinical utility in a large number of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease , multiple sclerosis , moyamoya , sickle cell disease , hepatic encephalopathy , end‐stage renal disease , and cognitive aging . However, as some of these promising applications are expanded into further testing of their value as a clinically useful biomarker, multisite/multivendor studies or trials represent a critical step in this path.…”

“…This level of high fitting confidence allowed us to reliably detect oxygenation changes induced by hyperoxia challenge on an individual level, i.e., a Y v increase was detected in all subjects. A confidence interval of <1% is also remarkably less than disease‐related changes of approximately 9% in stroke , 7% in moyamoya , 6–11% in sickle cell , 5% in mountain disease , 6% in multiple sclerosis , 6% in Alzheimer , 10% in hepatic encephalopathy , and 11% in end‐stage renal disease . Therefore, this level of precision may allow sensitive detection of disease‐related abnormalities on an individual level, a step beyond the traditional group‐level analysis.…”

“…Among these techniques, T 2 ‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) has been one of the most widely used and published methods. This sequence only takes 1.2 min, has been validated with pulse oximetry , and has demonstrated its sensitivity to several diseases .…”

Quantitative assessment of cerebral venous blood T2 in mouse at 11.7T: Implementation, optimization, and age effect

“…It uses the spin‐tagging principle to separate blood signals from surrounding tissue signals, thereby minimizing partial volume effects and mitigating the influence of subjective voxel selections. Over the past few years, apart from the various technical studies on TRUST , this technique has been applied extensively to neonatal studies , aging studies , and a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease , multiple sclerosis , sickle cell disease , anorexia , cocaine addiction , cannabis users , hepatic encephalopathy , end‐stage renal disease , acute mountain sickness , children primary nocturnal enuresis , etc.…”