Elevated field atmospheric CO2 concentrations affect the characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Bologna) grains

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), as expected over coming decades, on yield and quality of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants (cv. Bologna) were grown by using the free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) system at Fiorenzuola d'Arda under ambient (control) and elevated (570 ppm, e[CO 2 ]) CO 2 concentrations for two growing seasons. We addressed whether there would be a response of wheat grains to elevated CO 2 concentration in terms of the contents of nitrogen (N), micro-and macronutrients, proteins and free amino acids. Under e[CO 2 ], total wheat biomass and grain yield increased in both years of the study. Grain N percentage was reduced under e[CO 2 ], but grain N yield (kg ha -1 ) was increased. Among macro-and micronutrients, a decrease in zinc concentration was observed. The proteome pattern was significantly different in grains grown at the two different CO 2 levels, but the observed changes were highly dependent on interactions with prevailing environmental conditions. Finally, a negative trend was observed in the early germination rates of seeds from plants grown under e[CO 2 ] compared with the controls. The results suggest that the expected increase in CO 2 levels and their interactive effects with environmental variables may influence agronomic performance by increasing yield and negatively affecting quality.

Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat

“…In this case, it has been suggested that this effect did not come from deficient N remobilization in leaves but rather a N dilution effect, whereby the quantity (or size) of grains increased while the total available N for remobilization did not change. In addition, under FACE conditions, an increase in the glutenin-to-gliadin ratio has been found ( Pandey et al , 2017 ), as well as a general decrease in all storage proteins except for globulins and albumins ( Wieser et al , 2008 , but see Verrillo et al , 2017 , where globulins also decreased). Metabolic analyses have demonstrated that at elevated CO 2 , grains contain more secondary metabolites (shikimate and quinate) and free hexoses (fructose and glucose) but less sucrose and alanine, regardless of developmental stage.…”

Passage of Wheat Fire Impact on Soil Properties and Environment in Kurdistan Region

“…Four dishes were allocated for each treatment (C, M and S). Fifty seed were placed in each dish, and incubated in the dark at room temperature for 7 days (40). The dishes were monitored and 2 mL water were added regularly.…”

Identification of candidate genes associated with photosynthesis in eggplant under elevated CO2

“…The shoot and root dry weight of wheat varieties were increased by an average of 17% and 36%, respectively, at high CO 2 concentration [4]. Both the stem elongation and leaf area index were also increased by 21%, which resulted in a 26% increase in grain yield [5]. The length, leaf area and dry weight of yams were also significantly increased in elevated CO 2 [6].…”