Elevated curing temperature-associated strength and mechanisms of reactive MgO-activated industrial by-products solidified soils

Solidification Effect and Mechanism of Marine Muck Treated with Ionic Soil Stabilizer and Cement

“…After that, the addition of cement in a neutral environment for soil solidification will not influence the hydration reaction of cement [12,62]. In addition, as proposed in references [26,47], ISS can cause a cation exchange reaction on the soil surface, leading to the reduction of d-value (as shown in Figure 10c), decrease of double electric layer and expulsion of water.…”

“…Portland cement is one of the most widely used cementitious material, which can provide efficient soil solidification effect with high durability [8][9][10]. However, the Portland cement production process brings serious environmental problems [11,12]. Therefore, finding sustainable green cementitious materials to partially or completely replace Portland cement has become an appealing goal in the field of industry and environmental research.…”

Enhancing the performance of MgO-activated slag-fly ash mixes by accelerated carbonation

“…The CaO content and reactivity of RM activator are the main factors controlling the alkalinity of the system, which determines the dissolution of GGBS and subsequent strength development [16]. Previous applications of RM activated-GGBS formulations involve soil stabilization, resulting in higher compressive strengths than corresponding PC-stabilized soil samples [17][18][19]. RM activated-GGBS can also be used for the stabilization of marine soft clay, resulting in a higher resistance to sodium sulfate attack than PC stabilized clay [20].…”

“…This low strength was associated with a considerable amount of unhydrated MgO observed in these mixes even after 28 days of hydration [11,14]. One potential way to improve the hydration of RM involves the elevation of the curing temperature to enhance the diffusion of water and increase the rate of MgO dissolution [17,[21][22][23], thereby accelerating the activation of GGBS, for which RM is used as an activator.…”

“…However, if unused, the direct disposal of FA to landfills causes environmental problems including the leaching of metals and pollution of air and water resources. These issues could be resolved by the inclusion of FA within cementitious mixes, in which it can play a role in the reaction process and associated strength development via the improvement of its dissolution [17,26,27]. Therefore, in addition to preventing any contamination of natural resources due to its disposal, the use of FA in these mixes could both contribute to fresh properties by providing improved workability [28,29] and potentially performance.…”