Elevated CO2 Enhanced the Antioxidant Activity and Downregulated Cell Wall Metabolism of Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.)

Abstract

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been widely known to delay the postharvest fruit senescence; nevertheless, its effect on antioxidant activity and cell wall metabolism of wolfberry fruit is largely unknown. The present study investigated the impact of elevated CO2 on the quality attributes and cell wall degradation of wolfberry fruit during storage. The results showed that 10% CO2 better maintained the physiological quality and conferred the reduction in weight loss, decay index, and color change. Higher 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total phenol and flavonoid content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity of wolfberry were detected at elevated CO2 concentrations. Elevated CO2 atmosphere contributed to the maintenance of the cell integrity, the decrease of cell wall degradation (polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase), and the increase of cellulose and proto pectin content. Overall, we revealed the potential mechanism of elevated CO2 on the antioxidant activity enhancement and cell wall homeostasis of fresh berry fruit.

Chilling temperatures and controlled atmospheres alter key volatile compounds implicated in basil aroma and flavor

“…In the current study, 5% and 10% CO 2 atmospheres alleviated browning symptoms in ‘Genovese’ basil for up to 3 days at 5°C compared to air (0.04% CO 2 ) storage. Other than inhibiting ethylene action by acting as a competitive inhibitor ( Kader et al., 1989 ), elevated CO 2 levels were also found to inhibit the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhance the activities and expression of genes of antioxidant enzymes, and increased accumulation of known antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and glutathione ( Liang et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2021 ). Generation of ROS is one of the key events in chilling injury and its overproduction can lead to progressive loss of membrane integrity due to lipid peroxidation ( Sevillano et al., 2009 ; Heyes, 2018 ).…”

The Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaves Extract Lotion

“…Pada penelitian tersebut juga disimpulkan bahwa daun binahong memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih lemah dari asam galat sebagai pembanding. Kadar flavonoid total daun Binahong dari penelitian lain mencatat kadar 25.8969 mg/QE/g (Helmidanora, et al, 2020) (Liang, et al, 2021) mengajukan simpulan bahwa paparan pada level CO 2 yang ekstrim terhadap herba kering pasca-panen dari buah wolfberry dapat menjaga kandungan dan aktivitas antioksidan. Penemuan ini membuka kemungkinan lebih jauh untuk memformulasi dan memproduksi sediaan mengandung senyawa antioksidan atau produk perawatan kulit yang lebih baik, sehubungan dengan kualitas kandungan antioksidannya.…”

Chemical and Biological Properties of Three Poorly Studied Species of Lycium Genus—Short Review

“…It is listed in the Traditional Chinese Pharmacopeia [6]. It is also traditionally used in Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese medicine [8].…”

“…In spite of the subjectivity of the methods, it is frequent to discriminate the wolfberries through color, shape, odor, taste, and other qualities highly dependent on the personal elicited sensorial impressions. For this reason, several methods have been developed to overcome this subjective factor, such as voltametric electronic tongue [10]; electronic tongue (coupled combined with deep learning algorithm (convolutional neural network) [11]; mineral profile with chemometric approaches [12]; two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy combined with deep learning algorithm, such as convolutional neural network [13]; surface near infrared spectra combined with multi-class support vector machine [14]; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with artificial neural networks [15]; carbon isotope analysis of specific volatile compounds (e.g., limonene, tetramethylpyrazine, safranal, geranyl acetone, and β-ionone) by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry with headspace-solid phase microextraction [8]; stable isotopes, earth elements, free amino acids, and saccharides using orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis [16]; non-targeted liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with statistical analysis [17] are some examples.…”

“…More recently, Xiang et al [22] observed that the combination of salicylic acid and hypoxia (controlled and modified atmosphere conditions) could synergistically suppress respiration rate and antagonistically maintain ascorbic acid and color quality, while salicylic acid could alleviate physiological disorder. Liang et al [8] found that 10% CO 2 better maintained the physiological quality and conferred the reduction in weight loss of wolfberries, decay index, color change, and antioxidant activity enhancement. The preservation of wolfberries also involves the utilization of some microorganisms (e.g., Bacillus subtilis strain CL2) which are able to release volatile organic compounds, particularly 2,3-butanedione and 3-methylbutyric acid, that significantly reduced the weight loss rate of wolfberry fruits caused by the four pathogenic fungi (Mucor circinelloides LB1, Fusarium arcuatisporum LB5, Alternaria iridiaustralis LB7, and Colletotrichum fioriniae LB8) [23].…”