Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Employed Adults — United States, 1994–2013

Alarcon, Walter A.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6355a5

Cited by 59 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Pb 2+ appears to gain access to proximal tubular cells via Ca 2+ channels on the apical membrane [236,237,238,239]. Studies in several different cell-types, including HEK293 cells, a human embryonic kidney cell-line, demonstrated that Pb 2+ can enter cells via store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) [236,239,240].…”

Section: Environmentally Relevant Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exit of Ca 2+ at the basolateral membrane involves a Ca 2+ -ATPase. In vivo studies using erythrocytes indicate that Pb may substitute for Ca 2+ at the site of the Ca 2+ -ATPase [237,242]. The ability of Pb to be transported by the Ca 2+ -ATPase in proximal tubular cells has not been shown; however, since the Ca 2+ -ATPase is homologous across cell-types, it is feasible to suggest that this transporter may mediate the movement of Pb across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells.…”

Section: Environmentally Relevant Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals

Orr

Bridges

2017

IJMS

288

110

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive disease that is typically characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons. As injured nephrons become sclerotic and die, the remaining healthy nephrons undergo numerous structural, molecular, and functional changes in an attempt to compensate for the loss of diseased nephrons. These compensatory changes enable the kidney to maintain fluid and solute homeostasis until approximately 75% of nephrons are lost. As CKD continues to progress, glomerular filtration rate decreases, and remaining nephrons are unable to effectively eliminate metabolic wastes and environmental toxicants from the body. This inability may enhance mortality and/or morbidity of an individual. Environmental toxicants of particular concern are arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Since these metals are present throughout the environment and exposure to one or more of these metals is unavoidable, it is important that the way in which these metals are handled by target organs in normal and disease states is understood completely.

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Section: Environmentally Relevant Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentally Relevant Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals

Orr

Bridges

2017

IJMS

288

110

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“…For 2013, the prevalence rate of elevated BLLs among Missouri residents was calculated at 111.5 per 100 000 employed adults, which was approximately five times the U.S. national prevalence rate of 20.4 . A total of 15 123 Missouri residents aged ≥16 years had a reported blood lead test in 2013 with a median BLL of 1.5 μg/dL (range: 0‐151 μg/dL).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last decade, ABLES data showed that workers in battery manufacturing, construction, and mining industries had the greatest proportions of elevated BLLs . In 2013, among 2313 occupational cases with BLLs ≥25 µg/dL available from 22 states participating in ABLES, the majority were employed in four main industry sectors: manufacturing ( n = 1227 [53.1%]), construction ( n = 468 [20.2%]), services ( n = 194 [8.4%]), and mining ( n = 182 [7.9%]) . The MO‐ABLES program, like other state ABLES programs, monitors laboratory‐reported BLLs in adults aged ≥16 years who have been tested through either a workplace lead monitoring program or on the basis of clinical suspicion of lead overexposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated blood lead levels in adults—Missouri, 2013

Victory

Braun

Perio

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

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Background: Over 90% of adults with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in the United States are exposed occupationally. Missouri historically has been among the states with the highest prevalence rates of elevated BLLs. We characterized cases of elevated BLLs among Missouri adults to target preventive interventions. Methods:We reviewed 2013 data on Missouri residents ≥16 years from the Missouri Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance system and analyzed characteristics of those with elevated BLLs. We used the contemporaneous CDC definition of elevated BLL as ≥10 μg/dL. Results:Of the 15 123 residents with a BLL in 2013 (median: 1.5 μg/dL, range: 0-151 μg/dL), 3145 (21%) had BLLs ≥10 μg/dL. Occupational exposures accounted for the majority of residents (n = 3099, 98%) with elevated BLLs, mostly in battery manufacturing (n = 1373, 44%) and lead mining (n = 821, 26%) industries. Conclusions:Our findings highlight the need for focused interventions targeting battery manufacturing and lead mining, the high-risk industries, to further reduce overexposures to lead. K E Y W O R D Sadult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance, blood lead level, medical surveillance, NIOSH, occupational lead exposure, OSHA

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“…Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that the individuals with elevated BLLs (! 10 μg/dl) are at risk for serious long-term effects on their health 21) . In our results, the mean BLL of the 29 workers was found to be higher than !…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible changes of New-Generation inflammation markers with occupational lead exposure

Sipahi

Girgin

Palabıyık

et al. 2017

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives: Occupational lead (Pb) exposure is still an important health problem in the world. Long-term Pb exposure causes several adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of inflammation markers with chronic Pb exposure by analyzing neopterin levels and kynurenine (Kyn) to tryptophan (Trp) ratio that reflects indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and to compare with healthy volunteers' parameters. Methods: Blood lead levels (BLLs) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Urinary neopterin and serum Kyn and Trp levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: According to our results, mean BLL of the 29 workers was 20.4±9.6 μg/dl. Urinary neopterin levels, serum Kyn levels, and Kyn/Trp of Pb workers (188±52 μmol/mol creatinine, 2.70±0.66 μM, and 43.19±10.38 μmol/mmol, respectively) were significantly higher than controls (144±35 μmol/mol creatinine, 2.08±0.34 μM, and 32.24±7.69 μmol/mmol, respectively). Pb-exposed workers were divided into further three groups according to their BLLs: as 10-19 μg/dl (n=18), 20-29 μg/dl (n=8), and 30-49 μg/dl (n=3). Neopterin levels of the workers with BLL of 30-49 μg/dl were significantly higher than those of BLL with 10-29 μg/dl, while Trp levels decreased. Kyn/Trp of workers with BLL of 30-49 μg/dl were elevated significantly compared with the workers with BLL<30 μg/dl. In addition to neopterin, Kyn and Kyn/Trp levels were positively influenced by Pb exposure. Conclusions: Increased level of inflammation markers confirms the adverse effects of Pb even low BLLs, and we suggest that monitoring BLLs with inflammation markers could help to prevent serious occupational health problems.

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Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Employed Adults — United States, 1994–2013

Cited by 59 publications

References 2 publications

Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals

Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals

Elevated blood lead levels in adults—Missouri, 2013

Possible changes of New-Generation inflammation markers with occupational lead exposure

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