Elemental characterization of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with smoking, prognosis and survival

Abstract

Oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) mainly affects individuals aged between 50 and 70 years who consume tobacco and alcohol. tobacco smoke contains hundreds of known toxic and carcinogenic molecules, and a few studies have sought to verify the relationship of such trace elements as risk or prognostic factors for head and neck cancer. We obtained 78 samples of tumor tissues from patients with ocScc, and performed a qualitative elemental characterization using the micro X-Ray fluorescence technique based on synchrotron radiation. We found the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic and bromine in ocScc samples. Magnesium, chlorine, chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic and bromine are associated with smoking. We observed a significant association between relapse and chlorine and chromium. the presence of chlorine in the samples was an independent protective factor against relapse (oR = 0.105, CI = 0.01-0.63) and for best disease-free survival (HR = 0.194, CI = 0.04-0.87). Reporting for the first time in oral cancer, these results suggest a key relationship between smoking and the presence of certain elements. in addition, chlorine proved to be important in the context of patient prognosis and survival. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for more than 90% of oral cancer cases 1,2 and mainly affects individuals aged between 50 and 70 years who consume tobacco and alcohol. It may also be associated with human papillomavirus infection, genetic susceptibility and passive smoking exposure 1-5. Tobacco smoke itself, which contains hundreds of known toxic and carcinogenic molecules 6,7 , can induce DNA damage 8. Among these substances are several inorganic compounds, such as arsenic, calcium, chlorine, cobalt, copper, chromium, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, zinc and others 9,10. The analysis of trace elements is quite uncommon in the head and neck cancer field. Over the past two decades, a few studies have sought to verify the identity of these and other trace elements as risk or prognostic factors for head and neck cancer. Some authors verified the differences in the profile of trace elements in the blood (plasma/serum) of patients with or without head and neck cancer 11-19. Differences were also found in the analyses performed on the hair and nails of patients with head and neck cancer 15,17,20,21. However, in studies carried out

Chlorine and Chromium Elements, Proteins of Oxidative Stress and Dna Repair Pathways Are Related to Tumor Aggressiveness and Prognosis of Patients With Oral Cancer

“…Our research group was the rst to investigate the presence of metals in oral cancer by µ-XRF analysis [33]. Using this simple and straightforward approach, it is possible to perform multielemental analysis without the disruptive preparation of the tissue samples.…”

“…Some hints of mechanisms whereby the presence of chromium may adversely affect the clinical evolution, with increased relapse rates, can be suggested by the studies of Shi et al [37,38]. that CLIC1 has an important role in tumor development [33,39,40].…”

“…In fact, it has been recently shown that CLIC1 is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and of cell volume, as well as in the regulation of apoptosis. It is postulated that CLIC1 has an important role in tumor development [33,39,40].…”

Chlorine, chromium, proteins of oxidative stress and DNA repair pathways are related to prognosis in oral cancer

“…For the first time our group demonstrated the presence of important trace elements and non-essential or toxic elements in OSCC samples, suggesting a fundamental relationship between smoking and the presence of certain elements. In addition, we have shown that the presence of the elements manganese and chloride have proven to be important prognostic and survival factors for patients with head and neck cancer 6 .…”

Projeto Rondon: Um Relato De Experiencia Em Educação

“…Como exposto, o consumo, individual ou combinado, de tabaco e álcool são apontados como os principais fatores associados ao risco de câncer oral. Sozinha a fumaça do tabaco contém centenas de moléculas cancerígenas conhecidas (SINGH et al, 2011), e recentemente a presença de magnésio, cloro, cromo, manganês, níquel, arsênio e bromo foi associada ao consumo de tabaco em pacientes com câncer oral (ARCHANJO et al, 2020). Sabe-se que algumas delas são capazes de atuar provocando possíveis danos ao DNA, que caso não seja reparado pela maquinaria molecular, leva ao aumento das mutações e uma maior suscetibilidade a mutações em genes relacionados ao processo de carcinogênese (HECHT, 2003).…”